通过java.net.URLConnection发送HTTP请求_JAVA

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通过java.net.URLConnection发送HTTP请求

2016/5/22 5:32:13 bijian1013 程序员俱乐部我要评论(0)

摘要：如何通过Java发送HTTP请求，通俗点讲，如何通过Java（模拟浏览器）发送HTTP请求。Java有原生的API可用于发送HTTP请求，即java.net.URL、java.net.URLConnection，这些API很好用、很常用，但不够简便；所以，也流行有许多JavaHTTP请求的framework，如，Apache的HttpClient。目前项目有用到Java原生的方式，所以，这里主要介绍此方式。一.运用原生JavaApi发送简单的Get请求、Post请求HTTP请求粗分为两种
标签：.net net Java URL HTTP请求 HTTP

? ? ? ? 如何通过Java发送HTTP请求，通俗点讲，如何通过Java（模拟浏览器）发送HTTP请求。

? ? ? ? Java有原生的API可用于发送HTTP请求，即java.net.URL、java.net.URLConnection，这些API很好用、很常用，但不够简便；所以，也流行有许多Java HTTP请求的framework，如，Apache的HttpClient。

? ? ? ? 目前项目有用到Java原生的方式，所以，这里主要介绍此方式。

一.运用原生Java Api发送简单的Get请求、Post请求

? ? ? ? HTTP请求粗分为两种，一种是GET请求，一种是POST请求。（详细的请见：Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 - Method Definitions）

? ? ? ? 使用Java发送这两种请求的代码大同小异，只是一些参数设置的不同。步骤如下：

? ? ? ? 1.通过统一资源定位器（java.net.URL）获取连接器（java.net.URLConnection）

? ? ? ? 2.设置请求的参数

? ? ? ? 3.发送请求

? ? ? ? 4.以输入流的形式获取返回内容

? ? ? ? 5.关闭输入流

? ? ? ? 简单的Get请求示例如下：

class="java">package com.bijian.study;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class HttpGetRequest {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		System.out.println(doGet());
	}

	/**
	 * Get Request
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String doGet() throws Exception {
		
		URL localURL = new URL("http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting?name=zhangshan");
		URLConnection connection = localURL.openConnection();
		HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) connection;

		httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
		httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

		InputStream inputStream = null;
		InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
		BufferedReader reader = null;
		StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
		String tempLine = null;

		if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
			throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
		}
		try {
			inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
			inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
			reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
			while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
				resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
			}
		} finally {
			if (reader != null) {
				reader.close();
			}
			if (inputStreamReader != null) {
				inputStreamReader.close();
			}
			if (inputStream != null) {
				inputStream.close();
			}
		}
		return resultBuffer.toString();
	}
}

? ? ? ? 简单的Post请求示例如下：

package com.bijian.study;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class HttpPostRequest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(doPost());
    }
    
    /**
     * Post Request
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String doPost() throws Exception {
    	
        String parameterData = "name=zhangshan";
        
        URL localURL = new URL("http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting");
        URLConnection connection = localURL.openConnection();
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
        
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(parameterData.length()));
        
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        String tempLine = null;
        
        try {
            outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
            outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
            
            outputStreamWriter.write(parameterData.toString());
            outputStreamWriter.flush();
            
            if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
                throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
            }
            
            inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
            reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
            }
        } finally {
            if (outputStreamWriter != null) {
                outputStreamWriter.close();
            }
            if (outputStream != null) {
                outputStream.close();
            }
            if (reader != null) {
                reader.close();
            }
            if (inputStreamReader != null) {
                inputStreamReader.close();
            }
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
        return resultBuffer.toString();
    }
}

二.简单封装

? ? ? ? 如果项目中有多处地方使用HTTP请求，我们适当对其进行封装，可以大大减少代码量（不需每次都写一大段原生的请求Source code），也可以使配置更灵活、方便（全局设置一些项目特有的配置，比如已商榷的time out时间、已确定的Proxy Server，避免以后改动繁琐）。

? ? ? ? 以下简单封装成HttpRequestor，以便使用：

package com.bijian.study;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpRequestor {
    
    private String charset = "utf-8";
    private Integer connectTimeout = null;
    private Integer socketTimeout = null;
    private String proxyHost = null;
    private Integer proxyPort = null;
    
    /**
     * Do GET request
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public String doGet(String url) throws Exception {
        
        URL localURL = new URL(url);
        
        URLConnection connection = openConnection(localURL);
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
        
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", charset);
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        String tempLine = null;
        
        if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
            throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
        }
        
        try {
            inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
            reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            
            while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
            }
            
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                reader.close();
            }
            if (inputStreamReader != null) {
                inputStreamReader.close();
            }
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
        return resultBuffer.toString();
    }
    
    /**
     * Do POST request
     * @param url
     * @param parameterMap
     * @return
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    public String doPost(String url, Map parameterMap) throws Exception {
        
        /* Translate parameter map to parameter date string */
        StringBuffer parameterBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        if (parameterMap != null) {
            Iterator iterator = parameterMap.keySet().iterator();
            String key = null;
            String value = null;
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                key = (String)iterator.next();
                if (parameterMap.get(key) != null) {
                    value = (String)parameterMap.get(key);
                } else {
                    value = "";
                }
                
                parameterBuffer.append(key).append("=").append(value);
                if (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    parameterBuffer.append("&");
                }
            }
        }
        
        System.out.println("POST parameter : " + parameterBuffer.toString());
   
        URL localURL = new URL(url);
        
        URLConnection connection = openConnection(localURL);
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
        
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", charset);
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(parameterBuffer.length()));
        
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        String tempLine = null;
        
        try {
            outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
            outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
            
            outputStreamWriter.write(parameterBuffer.toString());
            outputStreamWriter.flush();
            
            if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() >= 300) {
                throw new Exception("HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + httpURLConnection.getResponseCode());
            }
            
            inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
            reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            
            while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
            }
            
        } finally {
            if (outputStreamWriter != null) {
                outputStreamWriter.close();
            }
            if (outputStream != null) {
                outputStream.close();
            }
            if (reader != null) {
                reader.close();
            }
            if (inputStreamReader != null) {
                inputStreamReader.close();
            }
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
        return resultBuffer.toString();
    }

    private URLConnection openConnection(URL localURL) throws IOException {
        URLConnection connection;
        if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
            Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
            connection = localURL.openConnection(proxy);
        } else {
            connection = localURL.openConnection();
        }
        return connection;
    }
    
    /**
     * Render request according setting
     * @param request
     */
    private void renderRequest(URLConnection connection) {
        
        if (connectTimeout != null) {
            connection.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
        }
        if (socketTimeout != null) {
            connection.setReadTimeout(socketTimeout);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Getter & Setter
     */
    public Integer getConnectTimeout() {
        return connectTimeout;
    }

    public void setConnectTimeout(Integer connectTimeout) {
        this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
    }

    public Integer getSocketTimeout() {
        return socketTimeout;
    }

    public void setSocketTimeout(Integer socketTimeout) {
        this.socketTimeout = socketTimeout;
    }

    public String getProxyHost() {
        return proxyHost;
    }

    public void setProxyHost(String proxyHost) {
        this.proxyHost = proxyHost;
    }

    public Integer getProxyPort() {
        return proxyPort;
    }

    public void setProxyPort(Integer proxyPort) {
        this.proxyPort = proxyPort;
    }

    public String getCharset() {
        return charset;
    }

    public void setCharset(String charset) {
        this.charset = charset;
    }
}

? ? ? ? 写一个调用的测试类：

package com.bijian.study;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpRequestorTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

		/* Post Request */
		Map dataMap = new HashMap();
		dataMap.put("name", "zhangshan");
		System.out.println(new HttpRequestor().doPost("http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting", dataMap));
		
		/* Get Request */
		System.out.println(new HttpRequestor().doGet("http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting?name=zhangshan"));
	}
}

? ? ? ??OK，完成！！

PS：以上的请求地址都是http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting，这是自己的一个用于测试的Web Application，详见附件，如想进一步了解Web Application，请参考http://bijian1013.iteye.com/blog/2166539。

文章来源：http://www.cnblogs.com/nick-huang/p/3859353.html