Android 4学习(9):用户界面_移动开发_编程开发_程序员俱乐部

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Android 4学习(9):用户界面

 2013/10/22 2:55:30  THE ANDROID WIDGET TOOLBOX  博客园  我要评论(0)
  • 摘要:Android内置了很多View,包括:TextViewEditTextChronometerListViewSpinnerButtonToggleButtonImageButtonCheckBoxRedioButtonViewFlipperVideoViewQuickContactBadgeViewPager关于View更多的信息,可以参考:http://developer.android.com/guide/tutorials/views/index
  • 标签:android 学习 用户 用户界面

class="p0">Android内置了很多View,包括:

  • TextView
  • EditText
  • Chronometer
  • ListView
  • Spinner
  • Button
  • ToggleButton
  • ImageButton
  • CheckBox
  • RedioButton
  • ViewFlipper
  • VideoView
  • QuickContactBadge
  • ViewPager

关于View更多的信息,可以参考:http://developer.android.com/guide/tutorials/views/index.html

创建自定义View三种方式

总的来说,有三种方法来创建新的View

  • 修改已有的View
  • 使用多个已有的View组成新的复合View
  • 从头新建一个View

修改已有的View

创建某种View的子类并重写父类的方法,即可通过修改已有View来创建自定义的View,例如:

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MyTextView extends TextView {
  public MyTextView (Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)
  {
  super(context, attrs, defStyle);
  }
  public MyTextView (Context context) {
  Super(context);
  }
  public MyTextView (Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
  super(context, attrs);
  }
  @Override
  public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent keyEvent) {
  [ ... Perform some special processing ... ]
  [ ... based on a particular key press ... ]
  // Use the existing functionality implemented by
  // the base class to respond to a key press event.
  return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, keyEvent);
  }
}

创建复合控件View

复合控件由多个View组成,是ViewGroup的子类。通过继承ViewGroup并重写父类的构造函数,在构造过程中inflate某个Layout,是常用的生成复合控件的方法之一,例如:

public class ClearableEditText extends LinearLayout {
  EditText editText;
  Button clearButton;
  public ClearableEditText(Context context) {
  super(context);
  // Inflate the view from the layout resource.
  String infService = Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE;
  LayoutInflater li;
  li = (LayoutInflater)getContext().getSystemService(infService);
  li.inflate(R.layout.clearable_edit_text, this, true);
  // Get references to the child controls.
  editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText);
  clearButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.clearButton);
  // Hook up the functionality
  hookupButton();
  }
}

配置文件:

<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”utf-8”?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
  android:orientation=”vertical”
  android:layout_width=”match_parent”
  android:layout_height=”wrap_content”>
  <EditText
  android:id=”@+id/editText”
  android:layout_width=”match_parent”
  android:layout_height=”wrap_content”
  />
  <Button   android:id=”@+id/clearButton”   android:layout_width=”match_parent”   android:layout_height=”wrap_content”   android:text=”Clear”   /> </LinearLayout>

使用Layout文件创建复合控件

使用<include>标签可以方便地复用已有的复合View,例如:

<include layout=”@layout/clearable_edit_text”
  android:id=”@+id/add_new_entry_input”
  android:layout_width=”match_parent”
  android:layout_height=”wrap_content”
  android:layout_gravity=”top”/>

创建自定义View

通过继承ViewSurfaceView程序员就可以实现自定义的ViewView类有一个Canvas对象,可以在上面绘制自己的UISurfaceView类有一个Surface对象,Surface支持后台线程绘制,并可以使用OpenGL进行绘制。对于需要经常重绘并且不需要3D效果的UI,推荐使用轻量级的View来实现。

创建新的View

View中的OnMeasure()方法用于确定View的长和高,OnDraw()方法则用于绘制图形,下面是创建一个自定义View的示例代码:

public class MyView extends View {
  // Constructor required for in-code creation
  public MyView(Context context) {
    super(context);
  }
  // Constructor required for inflation from resource file
  public MyView (Context context, AttributeSet ats, int defaultStyle) {
    super(context, ats, defaultStyle );
  }
  //Constructor required for inflation from resource file
  public MyView (Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(context, attrs);
  }
  @Override
  protected void onMeasure(int wMeasureSpec, int hMeasureSpec) {
    int measuredHeight = measureHeight(hMeasureSpec);
    int measuredWidth = measureWidth(wMeasureSpec);
    // MUST make this call to setMeasuredDimension or you will cause a runtime exception when the control is laid out.
    setMeasuredDimension(measuredHeight, measuredWidth);
  }
  private int measureHeight(int measureSpec) {
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
    [ ... Calculate the view height ... ]
    return specSize;
  }
  private int measureWidth(int measureSpec) {
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
    [ ... Calculate the view width ... ]
    return specSize;
  }
  @Override
  protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    [ ... Draw your visual interface ... ]
  }
}

重写onDraw()方法

@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
  // Get the size of the control based on the last call to onMeasure.
  int height = getMeasuredHeight();
  int width = getMeasuredWidth();
  // Find the center
  int px = width/2;
  int py = height/2;
  // Create the new paint brushes.
  // NOTE: For efficiency this should be done in the views’s constructor
  Paint mTextPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
  mTextPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
  // Define the string.
  String displayText = “Hello World!”;
  // Measure the width of the text string.
  float textWidth = mTextPaint.measureText(displayText);
  // Draw the text string in the center of the control.
  canvas.drawText(displayText, px-textWidth/2, py, mTextPaint);
}

重写OnMeasure()方法

AndroidView的默认大小是100*100像素,重写OnMeasure()方法,可以实现自定义长和宽:

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
  int measuredHeight = measureHeight(heightMeasureSpec);
  int measuredWidth = measureWidth(widthMeasureSpec);
  setMeasuredDimension(measuredHeight, measuredWidth);
}
private int measureHeight(int measureSpec) {
  // Return measured widget height.
}
private int measureWidth(int measureSpec) {
  // Return measured widget width.
}

处于效率的考虑,measureSpecmeasureSpec直接作为int参数传给了onMeasure(),但在使用之前,首先要decode

int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

下面的代码是一个典型的处理Measure例子

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
  int measuredHeight = measureHeight(heightMeasureSpec);
  int measuredWidth = measureWidth(widthMeasureSpec);
  setMeasuredDimension(measuredHeight, measuredWidth);
}
private int measureHeight(int measureSpec) {
  int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
  int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
  // Default size if no limits are specified.
  int result = 500;
  if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
    // Calculate the ideal size of your control within this maximum size.
    // If your control fills the available space return the outer bound.
    result = specSize;
  } else if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
    // If your control can fit within these bounds return that value.
    result = specSize;
  }
  return result;
}
private int measureWidth(int measureSpec) {
  int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
  int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
  // Default size if no limits are specified.
  int result = 500;
  if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
    // Calculate the ideal size of your control within this maximum size.
    // If your control fills the available space return the outer bound.
    result = specSize;
  } else if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
    // If your control can fit within these bounds return that value.
    result = specSize;
  }
  return result;
}

处理UI交互事件

通过重写类似下面列举的这些方法,可以处理常见的UI交互事件:

  • onKeyDown
  • onKeyUp
  • onTrackballEvent
  • onTouchEvent

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