本节针对EF当前支持的
查询方式进行分析比较,和简单
自定义条件查询的实现。
一、EF的查询方式
EF提供的查询方式有以下几种
- 原始SQL查询
- LINQ To Entity and Lambda
- ESQL 与 ObjectQuery
- ObjectQuery 查询生成器
1.原始SQL查询
在EF 4.1 新增加的DbContext 除了支持LINQ与Lambda查询外,新增了支持原始SQL查询,但是不支持ESQL与ObjectQuery查询。
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View Code
DemoDBEntities context =new DemoDBEntities();
DbSet<BlogMaster>set= context.Set<BlogMaster>();
List<BlogMaster> list =set.SqlQuery("select *from BlogMaster where UserId='3'").ToList();
List<BlogMaster> listAll = context.Database.SqlQuery<BlogMaster>("select *from BlogMaster").ToList();
使用原始SQL查询,既灵活又方便维护,加上DbContext
泛型处理,可以将最终的查询数据集映射成对象集合。而且SQL语句有
错误时,提醒也比较明确。项目中,大家都会碰到查询条件经常变动的问题,针对这种情况我们以使用通过定制的查询模板以SQL拼接的方式解决,而不是修改代码。
2.LINQ To Entity and Lambda
这两种是比较常用的方式,也是效率比较高的,简洁方便,但是不灵活,如果条件变了,可能就需要修改代码。相信做过报表的人都曾为复杂的SQL语句以及SQL语句的执行效率头痛过,而LINQ和Lambda 方便就在于可以将复杂的SQL拆分出来,在
内存中解决这些数据的合并筛选,并且效率要远高于SQL。我最喜欢的LINQ的一个功能就是他的分组。
View Code
DemoDBEntities context =new DemoDBEntities();
DbSet<BlogMaster>set= context.Set<BlogMaster>();
var result = from u inset.ToList()
where u.UserID ==3
select u;
var resultGroup = from u inset.ToList()
group u by u.UserID
into g
select g;
var list =set.Where(o => o.UserID ==3);
var listGroup =set.GroupBy(o => o.UserID);
不管是哪种方式,LINQ To Entity and Lambda EF 都是支持的。
3.ESQL 与 ObjectQuery
首先说明一点,目前DbContext不支持这种方式查询。ESQL同原始SQL 只是写法稍为有点区别,但是特点差不多,灵活易于维护。由于可以拼接ESQL,所以这种方式也可以应对查询条件变化。
View Code
DemoDBEntities context =new DemoDBEntities();
//DbSet<BlogMaster> set = context.Set<BlogMaster>();
string queryString =@"SELECT VALUE it FROM DemoDBEntities.BlogMaster as
it WHERE it.UserId > @UserId order by it.UserId desc";
ObjectQuery<BlogMaster> query =new ObjectQuery<BlogMaster>(queryString, context);
// Add parameters to the collection.
query.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("UserId",6));
List<BlogMaster> list = query.ToList();
原始SQL与ESQL 区别在于参数类型的处理,因为原始的SQL你在拼接的条件的时
候要对不同的参数
值类型处理,例如是where Name='tt' and UserId=6 and Sex=true ,而ESQL则是object传入,直接实现SQL语句的转换。可惜DbContext不支持ESQL,所以只能自己去解决SQL条件不同值类型的拼接处理。
4.ObjectQuery 查询生成器
View Code
DemoDBEntities context =new DemoDBEntities();
ObjectQuery<BlogMaster> query = context.CreateObjectSet<BlogMaster>()
.Where("it.UserId > @UserId",
new ObjectParameter("UserId", 6))
.OrderBy("it.UserId desc");
List<BlogMaster> list = query.ToList();
这种方式基本上有ESQL相同,只是分组,排序,条件过滤都要单独处理,相比就没
结合ESQL使用灵活了。
以上四种方式各有优缺点,如果是批量做页面的查询,每个查询页面和条件各不相同,并且查询条件可能会变动的话,建议使用DbContext的SQL查询,或者是ESQL结合ObjectQuery,这两种方式易于通过查询模板拼接生成SQL语句,但不适合生成复杂的SQL语句。而LINQ or Lambda 以及ObjectQuery方式,则不适合做一些重复查询逻辑的工作,而单独处理一些页面的查询或者复杂的报表还是比较灵活的。
二、自定义条件查询
基于自定义条件查询,不适合处理过于复杂的条件
查询语句。 我们来看一下思路
假如WEB前台或是应用界面有一些查询字段,A需要Like ,B是=,C是> 某个时间并<小于某个时间,以后可能会增加D,或E。为了不修改代码,而仅仅拖拉控件设置属性就可新增查询条件,下面以WINFORM为例,WEB类似操作(你可以将查询条件以
XML或
JSON形式传回后台)。
首先对Winform几个控件进行扩展处理,首先设计个扩展
接口IExtControl,IExtControl 有以下几个属性
ExtUsingType 控件使用类型 用于控制是否可编辑
ExtDataField 指向数据库的查询字段
ExtDataValue 查询字段值
ExtQueryExpression 查询
表达式 是like ?= ? >?
我们对TextBox,CheckBox,ComBox,DateTimePicker 进行
扩展代码如下
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ComponentModel;
namespace FinancialSystem
{
publicinterface IExtControl
{
///<summary>
/// 使用类型
///</summary>
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("控件使用类型")]
ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
set;
get;
}
///<summary>
/// 数据字段名称
///</summary>
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("指向数据库表某个字段")]
string ExtDataField
{
set;
get;
}
///<summary>
/// 数据字段名称
///</summary>
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("指向数据库表字段对应的值")]
string ExtDataValue { set; get; }
///<summary>
/// 查询表达式
///</summary>
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("查询表达式选择")]
ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression { get; set; }
///<summary>
/// 清空值
///</summary>
void ClearDataValue();
}
publicclass ExtTextBox : TextBox, IExtControl
{
#region IExtControl 成员
private ExtUsingTypeEnum extUsingType = ExtUsingTypeEnum.Query;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("控件使用类型")]
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
return extUsingType;
}
set
{
extUsingType = value;
}
}
privatestring extDataField;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("指向数据库表某个字段")]
publicstring ExtDataField
{
get
{
return extDataField;
}
set
{
extDataField=value;
}
}
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("字段值")]
publicstring ExtDataValue
{
get { returnthis.Text.ToString(); }
set { this.Text = value; }
}
private ExtQueryExpressionEnum extQueryExpression = ExtQueryExpressionEnum.EQ;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("查询表达式选择")]
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
return extQueryExpression;
}
set
{
extQueryExpression = value;
}
}
publicvoid ClearDataValue()
{
this.Text ="";
}
#endregion
}
publicclass ExtComBox : ComboBox, IExtControl
{
#region IExtControl 成员
private ExtUsingTypeEnum extUsingType = ExtUsingTypeEnum.Query;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("控件使用类型")]
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
return extUsingType;
}
set
{
extUsingType = value;
}
}
privatestring extDataField;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("指向数据库表某个字段")]
publicstring ExtDataField
{
get
{
return extDataField;
}
set
{
extDataField = value;
}
}
private ExtQueryExpressionEnum extQueryExpression = ExtQueryExpressionEnum.EQ;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("查询表达式选择")]
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
return extQueryExpression;
}
set
{
extQueryExpression = value;
}
}
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("字段值")]
publicstring ExtDataValue
{
get { returnthis.SelectedValue==null?"":this.SelectedValue.ToString(); }
set { this.SelectedValue = value; }
}
///<summary>
/// 清空值
///</summary>
publicvoid ClearDataValue()
{
this.SelectedValue =-1;
}
#endregion
}
publicclass ExtCheckBox : CheckBox, IExtControl
{
#region IExtControl 成员
private ExtUsingTypeEnum extUsingType = ExtUsingTypeEnum.Query;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("控件使用类型")]
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
return extUsingType;
}
set
{
extUsingType = value;
}
}
privatestring extDataField;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("指向数据库表某个字段")]
publicstring ExtDataField
{
get
{
return extDataField;
}
set
{
extDataField = value;
}
}
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("字段值")]
publicstring ExtDataValue
{
get
{
if (this.Checked)
return"True";
else
return"False";
}
set
{
if (value =="True")
this.Checked =true;
else
this.Checked =false;
}
}
private ExtQueryExpressionEnum extQueryExpression = ExtQueryExpressionEnum.EQ;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("查询表达式选择")]
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
return extQueryExpression;
}
set
{
extQueryExpression = value;
}
}
///<summary>
/// 清空值
///</summary>
publicvoid ClearDataValue()
{
this.Checked =false;
}
#endregion
}
publicclass ExtDateTimePicker : DateTimePicker, IExtControl
{
#region IExtControl 成员
private ExtUsingTypeEnum extUsingType = ExtUsingTypeEnum.Edit;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("控件使用类型")]
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
return extUsingType;
}
set
{
extUsingType = value;
}
}
privatestring extDataField;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("指向数据库表某个字段")]
publicstring ExtDataField
{
get
{
return extDataField;
}
set
{
extDataField = value;
}
}
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("字段值")]
publicstring ExtDataValue
{
get { returnthis.Value.ToString(); }
set { this.Text = value; }
}
private ExtQueryExpressionEnum extQueryExpression = ExtQueryExpressionEnum.EQ;
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(true)]
[Description("查询表达式选择")]
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
return extQueryExpression;
}
set
{
extQueryExpression = value;
}
}
///<summary>
/// 清空值
///</summary>
publicvoid ClearDataValue()
{
this.Value = DateTime.Now;
}
#endregion
}
publicclass ExtDataGridViewTextBoxColumn : DataGridViewTextBoxColumn, IExtControl
{
#region IExtControl 成员
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
}
publicstring ExtDataField
{
get
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
}
publicstring ExtDataValue
{
get
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
}
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
}
publicvoid ClearDataValue()
{
thrownew NotImplementedException();
}
#endregion
}
}
查询表达式
枚举
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace FinancialSystem
{
publicenum ExtUsingTypeEnum
{
Query =0,
Edit =1,
Normal =2
}
publicenum ExtQueryExpressionEnum
{
LK =0,
EQ =1,
IN =2,
YEARANDMONTH =3,
FR =4,
TO =5,
UE =6,
GT =7,
LT =8,
NOTNULL=9,
ISNULL=10,
OR=11,
SK =8
}
}
完成上面工作后,我们VS左侧工具栏就可以看到我们新扩展的控件
我们利用上面的扩展控件设计个查询界面,右键控件属性,分别设置ExtDataField,ExtQueryExpression值
设置控件属性,新增查询控件就直接拖到界面上,设置对应数据库查询字段及查询方式即可
上面我们就完成了自定义查询的界面的设计,接下来就是读取这些控件的扩展属性生成SQL查询条件,代码如下
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
namespace EF.WinForm
{
publicclass QueryHelper
{
///<summary>
/// 清空查询条件
///</summary>
///<param name="parentControl"></param>
publicstaticvoid ClearWhereString(Control parentControl)
{
if (parentControl ==null)
thrownew ArgumentNullException("装载查询控件的容器不存在!");
foreach (Control control in parentControl.Controls)
{
if (control is IExtControl)
{
if (control.Enabled)
{
IExtControl extControl = (IExtControl)control;
extControl.ClearDataValue();
}
}
}
}
///<summary>
/// 读取生成查询条件
///</summary>
///<param name="parentControl"></param>
///<returns></returns>
publicstaticstring GetWhereString(Control parentControl)
{
return GetWhereString(parentControl, "And");
}
///<summary>
/// 读取查询条件(web直接处理传回的XML,或者JSON字符串)
///</summary>
///<param name="parentControl"></param>
///<param name="logic"></param>
///<returns></returns>
publicstaticstring GetWhereString(Control parentControl,string logic)
{
if(parentControl ==null)
thrownew ArgumentNullException("装载查询控件的容器不存在!");
string whereStr="";
foreach(Control control in parentControl.Controls)
{
if(control is IExtControl)
{
IExtControl extControl=(IExtControl)control;
if(extControl.ExtDataValue.Trim()!="")
whereStr +=" ("+GetMatch(extControl.ExtDataField,extControl.ExtQueryExpression.ToString(),extControl.ExtDataValue)+") "+logic;
}
}
if (whereStr =="")
return"";
else
return" where "+ whereStr.Substring(0, whereStr.Length - logic.Length);
}
///<summary>
/// 根据匹配域,匹配方法,匹配域值取得匹配条件串
///</summary>
///<param name="fieldName">匹配域名称(同数据库一致)</param>
///<param name="match">匹配方法(null=EQ)</param>
///<param name="fieldValue">匹配域的值</param>
///<returns>域的条件串</returns>
publicstaticstring GetMatch(string fieldName,string match,string fieldValue)
{
string mop="=";
fieldValue = fieldValue.Replace("'","''");
if(AttrIsNull(match))
match ="EQ";
switch(match.ToUpper())
{
case"EQ":
mop = fieldName +"='"+ fieldValue +"'";
break;
case"UE":
mop = fieldName +"<>'"+ fieldValue +"'";
break;
case"GT":
mop = fieldName +">'"+ fieldValue +"'";
break;
case"LT":
mop = fieldName +"<'"+ fieldValue +"'";
break;
case"IN":
string[] flds=fieldValue.Split(',');
string fldstr="";
for(int i=0;i<flds.Length;i++)
fldstr+="'"+flds[i]+"',";
fldstr = fldstr.Substring(0,fldstr.Length-1);
mop = fieldName +" IN ("+ fldstr +")";
break;
case"FR":
mop = fieldName +">='"+ fieldValue +"'";
break;
case"TO":
mop = fieldName +"<='"+ fieldValue +"'";
break;
case"LK":
mop = fieldName +" LIKE '%"+ fieldValue +"%'";
break;
case"SK":
string[] flds0=fieldValue.Split('');
string fldstr0="%";
for(int i=0;i<flds0.Length;i++)
if(flds0[i].Trim()!="")
fldstr0+=flds0[i]+"%";
mop = fieldName +" LIKE '"+ fldstr0 +"'";
break;
case"NOTNULL":
mop = fieldName +" IS NOT NULL and "+fieldName +" <>'' ";
break;
case"ISNULL":
mop = fieldName +" IS NULL or "+fieldName +" ='' ";
break;
case"OR":
string[] flds1=fieldValue.Split('');
string fldstr1="";
for(int i=0;i<flds1.Length;i++)
if(flds1[i].Trim()!="")
fldstr1+=fieldName +" Like '%"+flds1[i]+"%' or ";
fldstr1 = fldstr1.Substring(0,fldstr1.Length-3);
mop =" ("+ fldstr1 +") ";
break;
case"YEARANDMONTH":
mop =string.Format("YEAR({0})=YEAR('{1}') and MONTH({0})=MONTH('{1}')", fieldName, fieldValue);
break;
}
return mop;
}
publicstaticbool AttrIsNull(string attr)
{ if(attr ==null|| attr =="")
returntrue;
else
returnfalse;
}
}
}
这段代码的基本业务就是查找所有继随IExtControl的接口控件,读取其中的字段,值,及查询方式拼接生成SQL where条件
继续来调用QueryHelper实现Winform的查询代码
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using EF.Model;
using EF.BLL;
namespace EF.WinForm
{
publicpartialclass FrmMain : Form
{
public FrmMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
privatevoid btnQuery_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//获取自定义查询条件
string whereStr = QueryHelper.GetWhereString(this.groupBox1);
//读取数据 (BLL层调用DAL层的context SqlQuery方法实现
BlogArticleService service=new BlogArticleService();
List<BlogArticle> list = service.SqlQuery(whereStr,"");
this.bindingSource.DataSource = list;
this.bindingNavigator.BindingSource = bindingSource;
this.dataGridView.DataSource =this.bindingSource;
}
privatevoid btnClear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
QueryHelper.ClearWhereString(this.groupBox2);
}
privatevoid FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
BlogCategoryService service =new BlogCategoryService();
List<BlogCategory> list = service.FindAll();
this.extComBox1.DataSource = list;
this.extComBox1.DisplayMember ="CateName";
this.extComBox1.ValueMember ="CateID";
}
}
}
运行后查看结果
如果再新增查询条件,我们只要拖个控制设置一下对应数据库属性,这样不用修改后台代码了。例如:
以上就是EF 基于原始SQL实现的简易自定义查询功能,不是很完善。我们可以再继续封装排序,分页等查询功能。
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using EF.DAL;
using EF.Model;
namespace EF.BLL
{
publicclass BlogArticleService
{
IRepository<BlogArticle> repository;
public BlogArticleService(IRepository<BlogArticle> repository)
{
this.repository = repository;
}
public BlogArticleService()
{
this.repository =new BlogArticleRepository();
}
public BlogArticle Create()
{
return repository.Create();
}
public BlogArticle Insert(BlogArticle entity)
{
return repository.Insert(entity);
}
public BlogArticle Update(BlogArticle entity)
{
return repository.Update(entity);
}
publicvoid Delete(BlogArticle entity)
{
repository.Delete(entity);
}
//为了演示,查询可单独提取一个接口类 同Resposity用法相同
public List<BlogArticle> SqlQuery(string sqlString)
{
return repository.SqlQuery(sqlString);
}
//为了演示,查询可单独提取一个接口类 同Resposity用法相同
public List<BlogArticle> SqlQuery(string whereStr,string orderStr)
{
string tableName =typeof(BlogArticle).Name;
string sqlString =string.Format("select *from {0} {1} {2}", tableName, whereStr, orderStr);
return repository.SqlQuery(sqlString);
}
//实现一个简易分页功能
public List<BlogArticle> SqlQuery(string whereStr, string orderStr,refint pageIndex,refint pageCount,refint sumCount)
{
string tableName =typeof(BlogArticle).Name;
string sqlString =string.Format("select *from {0} {1} {2}", tableName, whereStr, orderStr);
List<BlogArticle> list = repository.SqlQuery(sqlString);
sumCount = list.Count;
return list.Skip(pageIndex).Take(pageCount).ToList();
}
//为了演示,查询可单独提取一个接口类 同Resposity用法相同
public List<BlogArticle> SqlQuery(string fields,string whereStr, string orderStr)
{
string tableName =typeof(BlogArticle).ToString();
string sqlString =string.Format("select {0} from {1} {2} {3}", fields, tableName, whereStr, orderStr);
return repository.SqlQuery(sqlString);
}
}
}
利用ESQL结合ObjectQuery同样实现这个功能,并且不用处理值类型转换。如果DbContext 在后面支持了ESQL,建议还是用ESQL 处理。