原文发表在 http://tech.it168.com/a2011/0818/1234/000001234617.shtml
上,乃本人作品,转载请注明:
前言
在Web建站中,表单的合法性验证是十分重要的一个环节,其中包括客户端浏览器的Javascript的验证和
服务端的验证。在本文中将指导读者使用jQuery中的validate验证框架实现浏览器端的验证代码编写工作,validate框架是一个十分简单实用的验证框架,能大大提高客户端验证代码的的编写工作,同时,本文使用的是php中十分流行的CodeIgniter框架进行服务端的验证编写工作。本文阅读对象为对jQuery及对PHP CodeIgniter框架有一定认识的读者。
准备工作
我们必须下载CodeIgniter及jQuery,
版本如下:
1.CodeIgniter 2.0.2(下载地址:http://codeigniter.com/downloads/)
2.jQuery 1.6.1 (下载地址:http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.6.1.min.js)
3.jQuery validate框架,(下载地址:http://bassistance.de/jquery-plugins/jquery-plugin-validation/)
设置CodeIgniter
我们需要自动加载url并且需要使用CodeIgniter中的form表单助手类,所以我们在应用的autoload.php中的第67行添加如下代码:
$autoload['helper'] = array('url', 'form');
建立视图层文件
接下来,我们开始编写页面的HTML页代码,我们将用户填写的表单命名为form_view,当校验成功提交后,如果没任何
错误,则显示成功提示信息的页面命名为success_view,当然,我们先编写页面的头部和尾部的代码如下:
Views/common/Header.php:
<!DOCTYPE>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Form Validation - Gazpo.com</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php echo base_url();?>css/style.css" />
<script type="text/
javascript" src="<?php echo base_url();?>js/jquery-1.6.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<?php echo base_url();?>js/jquery.validate.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<?php echo base_url();?>js/jquery.validate-rules.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper"> <!-- close it in footer -->
在
header.php中,我们引入了必须引入的jquery类库和jquery validate框架类库文件。
Views/common/footer.php
<div id="footer">
Tutorial by Gazpo.com.
</div>
</div> <!-- /wrapper -->
</body> <!-- closing body -->
</html>
在form_view.php用户填写的表单页中,我们引入了CodeIgniter框架提供的表单助手类,
利用了其中的form_open标签,代码如下:
<!-- include header -->
<?php $this->load->view('common/header'); ?>
<!-- CodeIgniter Form tag -->
<?php $attributes = array('id' => 'form');
echo form_open('form/process', $attributes); ?>
<h2>Form Validation with CodeIgniter and jQuery</h2>
<div class="field">
<label for="name">Name</label>
<input class="input" id="name" name="name" type="text" />
</div>
<div class="field">
<label for="password">Password</label>
<input class="input" id="password" name="password" type="password" />
</div>
<div class="field">
<label for="email">Email</label>
<input class="input" id="email" name="email" type="text" />
</div>
<div class="field">
<label for="gender">Select Gender</label>
<div class = "gender-fields">
<input type="radio" class="radio" name="gender" value="male">Male
<input type="radio" class="radio" name="gender" value="female">Female
</div>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label for="state">Select State</label>
<select class="state" name="state">
<option class="droplist" ></option>
<option class="droplist" >Alabama</option>
<option class="droplist" >Alaska</option>
<option class="droplist" >Arizona</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label for="agree">Terms</label>
<input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" name="terms" value="agree" />
</div>
<input type="submit" name="submit" class="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<!-- include footer -->
<?php $this->load->view('common/footer'); ?>
Views/success_view.php
<!-- load header -->
<?php $this->load->view('common/header'); ?>
<!-- main content -->
<h3>Form was submitted successfully! </h3>
<!-- load footer -->
<?php $this->load->view('common/footer'); ?>
在显示成功页面中,只是简单显示一句成功提交的信息即可。
设置CSS
下面为了表单的美观,我们设置一下CSS,注意我们使用的是CSS3,代码如下:
body {
font-family: arial,verdana,sans-serif;
color:#333333;
font-size:13px;
margin: 0 auto;
background: #f5f5f5;
}
#wrapper {
margin: 0 auto;
position: relative;
background:#FFFFFF;
width: 900px;
border:10px solid #eaeaea;
}
#form {
padding: 10px;
}
#form .field {
margin-bottom:15px;
}
#form label{
display: block;
float: left;
font-weight: bold;
margin-right:10px;
text-align: right;
width: 120px;
line-height: 35px;
font-size:14px;
cursor: pointer;
}
#form .checkbox{
margin-top:10px;
}
#form .input{
-moz-border-radius: 7px;
-webkit-border-radius: 7px;
background-color: #eaeaea;
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #f2f2f2);
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,
color-stop(0.0, #ffffff), color-stop(1.0, #f2f2f2));
border: 1px solid #cacaca;
font-family: inherit;
color: #797979;
font-size: 15px;
padding: 8px 10px;
width: 300px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#form .state{
border: 1px solid #b9bdc1;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 15px;
font-family: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
color: #797979;
}
#form :focus{
-webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #aaa;
-moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #aaa;
box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #aaa;
}
#form .gender-fields{
padding-top:10px;
}
#form span.error {
color:red;
padding-left:10px;
}
#form .info{
margin-left:130px;
font-size: 12px;
font-style:italic;
color: #999;
}
#form .submit{
-moz-border-radius: 15px;
-webkit-border-radius: 15px;
font-family: arial,verdana,sans-serif;
background-color: #dedede;
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #ffffff, #eaeaea);
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,
color-stop(0.0, #ffffff), color-stop(1.0, #eaeaea));
border: 1px solid #dedede;
color: #484848;
font-size:14px;
font-weight: bold;
padding: 8px 10px;
cursor: pointer;
margin-left:220px;
}
/*-- Table design to display data in success view --*/
#display_data{
padding:10px;
}
#display_data .name{
font-style: italic;
text-decoration:underline;
}
#display_data table{
border:1px solid #e5eff8;
margin:10px 0px;
border-collapse:collapse;
}
#display_data tr.even{
background:#f7fbff
}
#display_data tr.odd .title {
background:#f4f9fe;
}
#display_data td {
border-bottom:1px solid #e5eff8;
border-right:1px solid #e5eff8;
color:#678197;
padding:5px 8px;
}
#display_data td.title{
font-weight: bold;
width:100px;
text-align:right;
}
#display_data td.info{
font-style: italic;
width:200px;
}
#footer {
width:60%;
margin:20px auto;
}
编写CodeIgniter的控制层文件
接下来,我们要在CodeIgniter中编写控制层文件,以加载视图文件,将控制层文件命名为form.php,放在applications/controller文件夹中,代码为:
class Form extends CI_Controller {
public
function index()
{
$this->load->view('form_view');
}
现在,我们已经可以看下表单的效果了,在浏览器中输入如下URL访问:
http://localhost/form_validation/index.php/form
即可看到如下图界面:
设置jQuery Validate插件进行验证
jQuery Validate插件设置了大量常见的验证规则,如验证email,电话,日期等。我们先看下如何定义设置jQuery Validate的验证规则,比如定义了两个规则,分别验证用户名和email:
email: {
required: true,
email: true
},
name: {
required: true,
minlength: 3,
maxlength:25,
},
其中,required
属性设置为true,表明该字段需要进行验证。比如这里设置了名称字段需要验证,最小输入的长度为3,最长的长度为25。而如果我们要新增加自己的校验规则,比如要名称字段只能输入的是字母,则可以编写自己的校验方法,并且使用
正则表达式,代码如下:
$.validator.addMethod("lettersonly", function(value, element) {
return this.optional(element) || /^[a-z]+$/i.test(value);
}, "Please enter only letters");
这里,通过addMethod方法,增加了一个名为lettersonly的校验方法,并且使用
正则表达式。下面是完成的一个js校验文件,如下:
(document).ready(function() {
jQuery.validator.addMethod("lettersonly", function(value, element) {
return this.optional(element) || /^[a-z]+$/i.test(value);
}, "Please enter only letters");
// validate contact form on keyup and submit
$("#form").validate({
//set the rules for the fild names
rules: {
name: {
required: true,
minlength: 3,
maxlength:25,
lettersonly: true
},
email: {
required: true,
email: true
},
password: {
required: true,
minlength: 5,
maxlength:15
},
gender : {
required :true
},
state : {
required :true
},
agree : {
required :true
},
},
//设置错误信息
messages: {
name: {
required: "Name is required..",
},
password: {
required: "Please provide a password.",
minlength: "Password must be at least 5 characters long",
maxlength: "Password
can not be more than 15 characters"
},
email: "Valid email is required.",
agree: "You must agree to our terms.",
gender: "Gender is required",
state: "Select state"
},
//错误提示信息的放置位置
errorElement: "span",
errorPlacement: function(error, element) {
error.appendTo(element.parent());
}
});
});
这里,通过设置messages来设置当用户填入非法数据时,要显示的提示信息,而errElement和errorPlacement中,则分别设置了当出现错误时,错误信息追加在页面上显示的位置
服务端CodeIgniter的验证
接下来,我们要编写服务端的验证。首先,我们要通过引入CodeIgniter中库文件的验证助手类,即:
$this -> load -> library( 'form_validation' );
然后设置验证规则,比如象名称字段,设置规则为:
$this -> form_validation -> set_rules( 'name', 'Name', 'trim|required|alpha|min_length[3]|max_length[25]' );
即名称字段必须为字母,最小长度为3,最大长度为25,该字段不能为空。
当服务端验证通过后,返回到成功页,验证
失败后返回到失败提示信息页,如下:
if ( $this -> form_validation -> run() === FALSE )
{
$this -> load -> view( 'form_view' );
}
else
{
$this -> load -> view( 'success_view' );
}
显示表单的错误信息
我们再在表单的每个字段中,添加显示服务端验证的出错信息的代码,比如:
Name
CodeIgniter默认显示表单错误信息是用段落的形式,不大友好,我们修改下验证助手的设置方法,设置成在每个表单字段后,用进行分隔,即:
$this -> form_validation -> set_error_delimiters('', '');
在通过了客户端浏览器及服务端的双重验证后,就可以提交数据,保存到数据库了,我们这个
例子中不保存到数据库,只是简单再次罗列出来,代码如下:
$this -> name = $this -> security -> xss_clean( $this -> input -> post( 'name' ) );
$this -> email = $this -> security -> xss_clean( $this -> input -> post( 'email' ));
//load the data
$data['name'] = $this -> name;
$data['password'] = $this -> password;
$this -> load -> vars( $data );
$this -> load -> view( 'success_view' );
注意这里,我们还调用了xss_clean方法防止跨站
RSS攻击。
最后,完成的控制层代码如下:
application/controllers/form.php
class Form extends CI_Controller {
public function index()
{
$this->load->view('form_view');
}
public function process()
{
$this -> load -> library( 'form_validation' );
$this -> form_validation -> set_error_delimiters('', '');
$this -> form_validation -> set_rules( 'name', 'Name', 'trim|required|alpha|min_length[3]|max_length[15]' );
$this -> form_validation -> set_rules( 'password', 'Password', 'trim|required|min_length[4]|max_length[15]' );
$this -> form_validation -> set_rules( 'email', 'Email address', 'trim|required|valid_email' );
$this -> form_validation -> set_rules( 'gender', 'Gender', 'required' );
$this -> form_validation -> set_rules( 'state', 'State', 'required' );
$this -> form_validation -> set_rules( 'terms', 'Terms', 'required' );
//设置校验显示信息
$this -> form_validation -> set_message( 'min_length', 'Minimum length for %s is %s characters');
$this -> form_validation -> set_message( 'max_length', 'Maximum length for %s is %s characters');
if ( $this -> form_validation -> run() === FALSE )
{
$this -> load -> view( 'form_view' );
}
else
{
$this -> name = $this -> security -> xss_clean( $this -> input -> post( 'name' ) );
$this -> password = $this -> security -> xss_clean( $this -> input -> post( 'password' ) );
$this -> email = $this -> security -> xss_clean( $this -> input -> post( 'email' ));
$this -> gender = $this -> input -> post( 'gender' );
$this -> state = $this -> input -> post( 'state' );
$this -> terms = $this -> input -> post( 'terms' );
$data['name'] = $this -> name;
$data['password'] = $this -> password;
$data['email'] = $this -> email;
$data['gender'] = $this -> gender;
$data['state'] = $this -> state;
$data['terms'] = $this -> terms;
//load the data and success view.
$this -> load -> vars( $data );
$this -> load -> view( 'success_view' );
}
}
}
当用户的输入完全正确后,success_view的视图页面代码如下所示,显示用户输入的字段信息:
views/success_view.php
load->view('common/header'); ?>
Thank you,
Form was submitted successfully!
We have received following data:
Your name:
Email:
Password:
Gender:
State:
Terms:
load->view('common/footer'); ?>
最后,读者可以在这里(http://gazpo.com/gazpo-
files/tut10-form/form_validation.zip)下载本文的代码。