自动绘图AI：程序如何画出动漫美少女_.NET_编程开发_程序员俱乐部

序

　　全新的图形引擎与AI算法，高效流畅地绘出任何一副美丽的图像。

　　IDE：VisualStudio 2015

　　Language：VB.NET/C#

　　Graphics：EDGameEngine

第一节 背景

　　背景是图画里衬托主体事物的景象。

图1.1 先画个蓝蓝的天空

　　蓝天、白云和大地，程序最擅长这种色调单一的涂抹了

第二节 轮廓

　　轮廓是物体的外周或图形的外框。

图2.2 勾勒人物和衣饰轮廓

　　现在AI要控制笔触大小和颜色，让图像的主体显现出来

第三节 光影

　　光影是物体在光的照射下呈现出明与暗的关系。

图3.1 光影提升画面质感

　　AI可不懂什么是光影，在上一步的基础上优化细节即可

第四节 润色

　　润色是增加物体本身及其周围的色彩。

图4.1 画面润色

　　这是关键一步，AI需要将丢失的颜色细节补缺回来

第五节 成型

　　大功告成！前面所有的步骤都是为这一步铺垫。

图5.1 人物已经栩栩如生啦

　　事实上AI只进行这一步也可以画出完整的图像，但没有过渡会显得生硬

第六节 算法

　　上文的图片是程序画的，文字是笔者瞎编的。

　　AI只会计算画笔轨迹，然后一遍遍重绘，感觉上是人类画手的效果

　　不再是二值化

• 因为现在要绘制全彩图像，将图像划分为只有黑和白的效果已经没有什么意义，二值化不再适用
• 适用的方法是将RGB颜色空间划分为若干个颜色子空间，然后逐个处理一幅图像中属于某个子空间的区域

　　自动循迹

• 循迹算法没有大的变动，仍是早前博客里贴出的代码
• 彩色图像线条较短，可以不再计算点周围的权值用来中断轨迹

　　重绘

• 程序先选择笔触较大、颜色淡的画笔绘制一遍，然后在这基础上逐步减小笔触并加深色彩
• 直接按照标准笔触可以一遍成型，但会显得突兀和生硬，毕竟这个AI不是真的在思考如何画一幅图像

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Imports System.Numerics
''' <summary>
''' 表示自动循迹并生成绘制序列的AI
''' </summary>
Public Class SequenceAI
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 线条序列List
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <returns></returns>
    Public Property Sequences As List(Of PointSequence)
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 扫描方式
    ''' </summary>
    Public Property ScanMode As ScanMode = ScanMode.Rect
    Dim xArray() As Integer = {-1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1}
    Dim yArray() As Integer = {-1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0}
    Dim NewStart As Boolean
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 创建并初始化一个可自动生成绘制序列AI的实例
    ''' </summary>
    Public Sub New(BolArr(,) As Integer)
        Sequences = New List(Of PointSequence)
        CalculateSequence(BolArr)
        For Each SubItem In Sequences
            SubItem.CalcSize()
        Next
    End Sub
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 新增一个序列
    ''' </summary>
    Private Sub CreateNewSequence()
        Sequences.Add(New PointSequence)
    End Sub
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 在序列List末尾项新增一个点
    ''' </summary>
    Private Sub AddPoint(point As Vector2)
        Sequences.Last.Points.Add(point)
    End Sub
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 计算序列
    ''' </summary>
    Private Sub CalculateSequence(BolArr(,) As Integer)
        If ScanMode = ScanMode.Rect Then
            ScanRect(BolArr)
        Else
            ScanCircle(BolArr)
        End If
    End Sub
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 圆形扫描
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="BolArr"></param>
    Private Sub ScanCircle(BolArr(,) As Integer)
        Dim xCount As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0)
        Dim yCount As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1)
        Dim CP As New Point(xCount / 2, yCount / 2)
        Dim R As Integer = 0
        For R = 0 To If(xCount > yCount, xCount, yCount)
            For Theat = 0 To Math.PI * 2 Step 1 / R
                Dim dx As Integer = CInt(CP.X + R * Math.Cos(Theat))
                Dim dy As Integer = CInt(CP.Y + R * Math.Sin(Theat))
                If Not (dx > 0 And dy > 0 And dx < xCount And dy < yCount) Then Continue For
                If BolArr(dx, dy) = 1 Then
                    BolArr(dx, dy) = 0
                    Me.CreateNewSequence()
                    Me.AddPoint(New Vector2(dx, dy))
                    CheckMove(BolArr, dx, dy, 0)
                    NewStart = True
                End If
            Next
        Next
    End Sub
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 矩形扫描
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="BolArr"></param>
    Private Sub ScanRect(BolArr(,) As Integer)
        Dim xCount As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0)
        Dim yCount As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1)
        For i = 0 To xCount - 1
            For j = 0 To yCount - 1
                Dim dx As Integer = i
                Dim dy As Integer = j
                If Not (dx > 0 And dy > 0 And dx < xCount And dy < yCount) Then Continue For
                If BolArr(dx, dy) = 1 Then
                    BolArr(dx, dy) = 0
                    Me.CreateNewSequence()
                    Me.AddPoint(New Vector2(dx, dy))
                    CheckMove(BolArr, dx, dy, 0)
                    NewStart = True
                End If
            Next
        Next
    End Sub
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 递归循迹算法
    ''' </summary>
    Private Sub CheckMove(ByRef bolArr(,) As Integer, ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer, ByVal StepNum As Integer)
        If StepNum > 1000 Then Return
        Dim xBound As Integer = bolArr.GetUpperBound(0)
        Dim yBound As Integer = bolArr.GetUpperBound(1)
        Dim dx, dy As Integer
        Dim AroundValue As Integer = GetAroundValue(bolArr, x, y)
        '根据点权值轨迹将在当前点断开
        'If AroundValue > 2 AndAlso AroundValue < 8 Then
        'Return
        'End If
        For i = 0 To 7
            dx = x + xArray(i)
            dy = y + yArray(i)
            If Not (dx > 0 And dy > 0 And dx < xBound And dy < yBound) Then
                Return
            ElseIf bolArr(dx, dy) = 1 Then
                bolArr(dx, dy) = 0
                If NewStart = True Then
                    Me.CreateNewSequence()
                    Me.AddPoint(New Vector2(dx, dy))
                    NewStart = False
                Else
                    Me.AddPoint(New Vector2(dx, dy))
                End If
                CheckMove(bolArr, dx, dy, StepNum + 1)
                NewStart = True
            End If
        Next
    End Sub
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 返回点权值
    ''' </summary>
    Private Function GetAroundValue(ByRef BolArr(,) As Integer, ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer) As Integer
        Dim dx, dy, ResultValue As Integer
        Dim xBound As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0)
        Dim yBound As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1)
        For i = 0 To 7
            dx = x + xArray(i)
            dy = y + yArray(i)
            If dx > 0 And dy > 0 And dx < xBound And dy < yBound Then
                If BolArr(dx, dy) = 1 Then
                    ResultValue += 1
                End If
            End If
        Next
        Return ResultValue
    End Function
End Class

''' <summary>
''' 线条扫描方式
''' </summary>
Public Enum ScanMode
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 矩形扫描
    ''' </summary>
    Rect
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 圆形扫描
    ''' </summary>
    Circle
End Enum

VB.NET-SequenceAI

Imports System.Numerics
''' <summary>
''' 表示由一系列点向量组成的线条
''' </summary>
Public Class PointSequence
    Public Property Points As New List(Of Vector2)
    Public Property Sizes As Single()
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 计算画笔大小
    ''' </summary>
    Public Sub CalcSize()
        If Points.Count < 1 Then Exit Sub
        Static Mid, PenSize As Single
        ReDim Sizes(Points.Count - 1)
        For i = 0 To Points.Count - 1
            Mid = CSng(Math.Abs(i - Points.Count / 2))
            PenSize = 1 - Mid / Points.Count * 2
            Sizes(i) = PenSize
        Next
    End Sub
End Class

VB.NET-PointSequence

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Numerics;
/// <summary>
/// 表示自动循迹并生成绘制序列的AI
/// </summary>
public class SequenceAI
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 线条序列List
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public List<PointSequence> Sequences { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 扫描方式
    /// </summary>
    public ScanMode ScanMode { get; set; }
    int[] xArray = {
        -1,
        0,
        1,
        1,
        1,
        0,
        -1,
        -1
    };
    int[] yArray = {
        -1,
        -1,
        -1,
        0,
        1,
        1,
        1,
        0
    };
    bool NewStart;
    /// <summary>
    /// 创建并初始化一个可自动生成绘制序列AI的实例
    /// </summary>
    public SequenceAI(int[,] BolArr)
    {
        Sequences = new List<PointSequence>();
        CalculateSequence(BolArr);
        foreach (object SubItem_loopVariable in Sequences) {
            SubItem = SubItem_loopVariable;
            SubItem.CalcSize();
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 新增一个序列
    /// </summary>
    private void CreateNewSequence()
    {
        Sequences.Add(new PointSequence());
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 在序列List末尾项新增一个点
    /// </summary>
    private void AddPoint(Vector2 point)
    {
        Sequences.Last.Points.Add(point);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 计算序列
    /// </summary>
    private void CalculateSequence(int[,] BolArr)
    {
        if (ScanMode == ScanMode.Rect) {
            ScanRect(BolArr);
        } else {
            ScanCircle(BolArr);
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 圆形扫描
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="BolArr"></param>
    private void ScanCircle(int[,] BolArr)
    {
        int xCount = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
        int yCount = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
        Point CP = new Point(xCount / 2, yCount / 2);
        int R = 0;
        for (R = 0; R <= xCount > yCount ? xCount : yCount; R++) {
            for (Theat = 0; Theat <= Math.PI * 2; Theat += 1 / R) {
                int dx = Convert.ToInt32(CP.X + R * Math.Cos(Theat));
                int dy = Convert.ToInt32(CP.Y + R * Math.Sin(Theat));
                if (!(dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xCount & dy < yCount))
                    continue;
                if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
                    BolArr[dx, dy] = 0;
                    this.CreateNewSequence();
                    this.AddPoint(new Vector2(dx, dy));
                    CheckMove(ref BolArr, dx, dy, 0);
                    NewStart = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 矩形扫描
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="BolArr"></param>
    private void ScanRect(int[,] BolArr)
    {
        int xCount = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
        int yCount = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
        for (i = 0; i <= xCount - 1; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j <= yCount - 1; j++) {
                int dx = i;
                int dy = j;
                if (!(dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xCount & dy < yCount))
                    continue;
                if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
                    BolArr[dx, dy] = 0;
                    this.CreateNewSequence();
                    this.AddPoint(new Vector2(dx, dy));
                    CheckMove(ref BolArr, dx, dy, 0);
                    NewStart = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 递归循迹算法
    /// </summary>
    private void CheckMove(ref int[,] bolArr, int x, int y, int StepNum)
    {
        if (StepNum > 1000)
            return;
        int xBound = bolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
        int yBound = bolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
        int dx = 0;
        int dy = 0;
        int AroundValue = GetAroundValue(ref bolArr, x, y);
        //根据点权值轨迹将在当前点断开
        //If AroundValue > 2 AndAlso AroundValue < 8 Then
        //Return
        //End If
        for (i = 0; i <= 7; i++) {
            dx = x + xArray[i];
            dy = y + yArray[i];
            if (!(dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xBound & dy < yBound)) {
                return;
            } else if (bolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
                bolArr[dx, dy] = 0;
                if (NewStart == true) {
                    this.CreateNewSequence();
                    this.AddPoint(new Vector2(dx, dy));
                    NewStart = false;
                } else {
                    this.AddPoint(new Vector2(dx, dy));
                }
                CheckMove(ref bolArr, dx, dy, StepNum + 1);
                NewStart = true;
            }
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 返回点权值
    /// </summary>
    private int GetAroundValue(ref int[,] BolArr, int x, int y)
    {
        int dx = 0;
        int dy = 0;
        int ResultValue = 0;
        int xBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
        int yBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
        for (i = 0; i <= 7; i++) {
            dx = x + xArray[i];
            dy = y + yArray[i];
            if (dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xBound & dy < yBound) {
                if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
                    ResultValue += 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return ResultValue;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// 线条扫描方式
/// </summary>
public enum ScanMode
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 矩形扫描
    /// </summary>
    Rect,
    /// <summary>
    /// 圆形扫描
    /// </summary>
    Circle
}

C#-SequenceAI

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Numerics;
/// <summary>
/// 表示由一系列点向量组成的线条
/// </summary>
public class PointSequence
{
    public List<Vector2> Points { get; set; }
    public float[] Sizes { get; set; }
    float static_CalcSize_Mid;
    /// <summary>
    /// 计算画笔大小
    /// </summary>
    float static_CalcSize_PenSize;
    public void CalcSize()
    {
        if (Points.Count < 1)
            return;
        Sizes = new float[Points.Count];
        for (i = 0; i <= Points.Count - 1; i++) {
            static_CalcSize_Mid = Convert.ToSingle(Math.Abs(i - Points.Count / 2));
            static_CalcSize_PenSize = 1 - static_CalcSize_Mid / Points.Count * 2;
            Sizes[i] = static_CalcSize_PenSize;
        }
    }
}

C#-PointSequence

附录

　　相关链接

　　Demo视频：AutomaticDrawing_人民 （上文的视频暂不上传\(^o^)/）

　　Demo开源：EDGameEngine.Visuals.AutoDraw

　　相关博客

　　玩转你画我猜(一)：程序实现自动绘图 

　　玩转你画我猜(二)：更优秀的自动绘图程序 

　　AR创意分享：儿童涂鸦遇上程序绘图