原文地址:http://docode.top/Article/Detail/10002
目录:
1、Http协议上传文件(以图片为例)请求报文体内容格式
2、完整版HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件请求报文内容封装
3、asp.net(c#)使用HttpWebRequest携带请求参数模拟上传文件封装源码下载
首先,我们来看下通过浏览器上传文件的请求报文内容格式,这里以本人自己写的实例为例,如下图。除了能上传图片(即:头像字段),还携带了用户名、密码两个字段,很好的诠释了http带参数上传文件的情形。点击提交按钮后,浏览器会将文件(即头像文件)二进制数据和用户名、密码以post方式发送至服务器。这时我们可以通过抓包工具(如:fiddler)(或者浏览器自带的开发者工具F12)查看请求报文内容。
通过抓包工具获取到携带参数上传文件请求报文体内容格式如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29POST /PostUploadHandler.ashx HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:44187
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 19839
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Origin: http://localhost:44187
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB
Referer: http://localhost:44187/UploadDemo.aspx
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userName"
admin
------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userPwd"
123456
------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="photo"; filename="1.png"
Content-Type: image/png
<!--这一行是文件二进制数据-->
------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB--
1、请求头中有一个Content-Type参数(默认值:application/x-www-form-urlencoded),其中multipart/form-data值表示向服务器发送二进制数据,boundary表示请求体的分界线,服务器就是依靠分界线分割请求体来读取数据,此参数值可自定义。
2、请求体依靠boundary有规则的排列参数。每一行字符串后面包含一个换行符“\r\n”,有一个开始分界线(--boundary)和一个结束分界线(--boundary--),参数与参数之间通过--boundary分离,每一个参数的键(key)和值(value)之间包含一个空行即:“\r\n"。
通过上面介绍,我们已经清楚了解了http协议上传文件的POST请求报文内容格式,在.net中使用HttpWebRequest上传文件,我们只要按照此格式封装请求报文,即可实现携带参数上传功能了。
为了方便扩展和维护,把所有请求参数(如上传地址url、携带参数、上传文件流等)封装到一个类中,代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36/// <summary>
/// 上传文件 - 请求参数类
/// </summary>
public
class
UploadParameterType
{
public
UploadParameterType()
{
FileNameKey =
"fileName"
;
Encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
PostParameters =
new
Dictionary<
string
,
string
>();
}
/// <summary>
/// 上传地址
/// </summary>
public
string
Url {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 文件名称key
/// </summary>
public
string
FileNameKey {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 文件名称value
/// </summary>
public
string
FileNameValue {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 编码格式
/// </summary>
public
Encoding Encoding {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 上传文件的流
/// </summary>
public
Stream UploadStream {
get
;
set
; }
/// <summary>
/// 上传文件 携带的参数集合
/// </summary>
public
IDictionary<
string
,
string
> PostParameters {
get
;
set
; }
}
新建一个上传文件工具类(命名为:HttpUploadClient),在类中增加上传方法(命名为:Execute),如下所示:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18/// <summary>
/// Http上传文件类 - HttpWebRequest封装
/// </summary>
public
class
HttpUploadClient
{
/// <summary>
/// 上传执行 方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameter">上传文件请求参数</param>
public
static
string
Execute(UploadParameterType parameter)
{
}
static
bool
CheckValidationResult(
object
sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors)
{
return
true
;
}
}
Post上传请求体参数是二进制格式的,我们只需要将参数根据以上报文体内容格式拼接好数据,存放在内存流里面,拼接完整后,将整个内存流转换成二进制格式写入到HttpWebRequest请求体中就行,下面我们来一步一步的拼接报文体内容。
1、定义开始结束分界线boundary及拼接开始分界线:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15public
static
string
Execute(UploadParameterType parameter)
{
using
(MemoryStream memoryStream =
new
MemoryStream())
{
// 1.分界线
string
boundary =
string
.Format(
"----{0}"
, DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString(
"x"
)),
// 分界线可以自定义参数
beginBoundary =
string
.Format(
"--{0}\r\n"
, boundary),
endBoundary =
string
.Format(
"\r\n--{0}--\r\n"
, boundary);
byte
[] beginBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(beginBoundary),
endBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary);
// 2.组装开始分界线数据体 到内存流中
memoryStream.Write(beginBoundaryBytes, 0, beginBoundaryBytes.Length);
// ……
}
}
2、拼接附加携带参数:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11// 3.组装 上传文件附加携带的参数 到内存流中
if
(parameter.PostParameters !=
null
&& parameter.PostParameters.Count > 0)
{
foreach
(KeyValuePair<
string
,
string
> keyValuePair
in
parameter.PostParameters)
{
string
parameterHeaderTemplate =
string
.Format(
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n{2}"
, keyValuePair.Key, keyValuePair.Value, beginBoundary);
byte
[] parameterHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(parameterHeaderTemplate);
memoryStream.Write(parameterHeaderBytes, 0, parameterHeaderBytes.Length);
}
}
3、拼接上传文件体及结束分界线boundary(需要注意的是Content-Type的值是:application/octet-stream):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14// 4.组装文件头数据体 到内存流中
string
fileHeaderTemplate =
string
.Format(
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n"
, parameter.FileNameKey, parameter.FileNameValue);
byte
[] fileHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(fileHeaderTemplate);
memoryStream.Write(fileHeaderBytes, 0, fileHeaderBytes.Length);
// 5.组装文件流 到内存流中
byte
[] buffer =
new
byte
[1024 * 1024 * 1];
int
size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
while
(size > 0)
{
memoryStream.Write(buffer, 0, size);
size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
// 6.组装结束分界线数据体 到内存流中
memoryStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length);
4、通过以上步骤,上传文件请求体内容数据已经拼接完成,接下来就是对HttpWebRequest对象的属性设置(如:请求地址Url,请求方法Method,Content-Type等),把整个上传文件请求体内存流写入到HttpWebRequest对象的请求体中,然后发起上传请求。如下源码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29// 7.获取二进制数据
byte
[] postBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
// 8.HttpWebRequest 组装
HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(
new
Uri(parameter.Url, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute));
webRequest.Method =
"POST"
;
webRequest.Timeout = 10000;
webRequest.ContentType =
string
.Format(
"multipart/form-data; boundary={0}"
, boundary);
webRequest.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
if
(Regex.IsMatch(parameter.Url,
"^https://"
))
{
ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls;
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = CheckValidationResult;
}
// 9.写入上传请求数据
using
(Stream requestStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
requestStream.Close();
}
// 10.获取响应
using
(HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)webRequest.GetResponse())
{
using
(StreamReader reader =
new
StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream(), parameter.Encoding))
{
string
body = reader.ReadToEnd();
reader.Close();
return
body;
}
}
完整版HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82/// <summary>
/// Http上传文件类 - HttpWebRequest封装
/// </summary>
public
class
HttpUploadClient
{
/// <summary>
/// 上传执行 方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameter">上传文件请求参数</param>
public
static
string
Execute(UploadParameterType parameter)
{
using
(MemoryStream memoryStream =
new
MemoryStream())
{
// 1.分界线
string
boundary =
string
.Format(
"----{0}"
, DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString(
"x"
)),
// 分界线可以自定义参数
beginBoundary =
string
.Format(
"--{0}\r\n"
, boundary),
endBoundary =
string
.Format(
"\r\n--{0}--\r\n"
, boundary);
byte
[] beginBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(beginBoundary),
endBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary);
// 2.组装开始分界线数据体 到内存流中
memoryStream.Write(beginBoundaryBytes, 0, beginBoundaryBytes.Length);
// 3.组装 上传文件附加携带的参数 到内存流中
if
(parameter.PostParameters !=
null
&& parameter.PostParameters.Count > 0)
{
foreach
(KeyValuePair<
string
,
string
> keyValuePair
in
parameter.PostParameters)
{
string
parameterHeaderTemplate =
string
.Format(
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n{2}"
, keyValuePair.Key, keyValuePair.Value, beginBoundary);
byte
[] parameterHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(parameterHeaderTemplate);
memoryStream.Write(parameterHeaderBytes, 0, parameterHeaderBytes.Length);
}
}
// 4.组装文件头数据体 到内存流中
string
fileHeaderTemplate =
string
.Format(
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n"
, parameter.FileNameKey, parameter.FileNameValue);
byte
[] fileHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(fileHeaderTemplate);
memoryStream.Write(fileHeaderBytes, 0, fileHeaderBytes.Length);
// 5.组装文件流 到内存流中
byte
[] buffer =
new
byte
[1024 * 1024 * 1];
int
size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
while
(size > 0)
{
memoryStream.Write(buffer, 0, size);
size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
}
// 6.组装结束分界线数据体 到内存流中
memoryStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length);
// 7.获取二进制数据
byte
[] postBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
// 8.HttpWebRequest 组装
HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(
new
Uri(parameter.Url, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute));
webRequest.Method =
"POST"
;
webRequest.Timeout = 10000;
webRequest.ContentType =
string
.Format(
"multipart/form-data; boundary={0}"
, boundary);
webRequest.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
if
(Regex.IsMatch(parameter.Url,
"^https://"
))
{
ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls;
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = CheckValidationResult;
}
// 9.写入上传请求数据
using
(Stream requestStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream())
{
requestStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
requestStream.Close();
}
// 10.获取响应
using
(HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)webRequest.GetResponse())
{
using
(StreamReader reader =
new
StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream(), parameter.Encoding))
{
string
body = reader.ReadToEnd();
reader.Close();
return
body;
}
}
}
}
static
bool
CheckValidationResult(
object
sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors)
{
return
true
;
}
}
为了验证封装是否正确,可以写一个控制台应用程序来模拟Http协议上传文件(以图片为例),结果如图:
HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件封装源码