读取或生成EXCEL数据的方法有很多，一般常见的有：
1.通过OFFICE EXCEL组件，优点：读取与生成EXCEL文件方便，缺点：服务器上必须安装OFFICE软件，且进程无法及时释放
2.通过第三方组件（比如：NPOI），优点：无需安装OFFICE软件，缺点：需要引入第三方组件，当然这个还是比较强的
3.通过把EXCEL当成数据库，连接后运用SQL语句读取，写入的话就自行拼接成HTML表格，优点：无需另外的组件，缺点：需要会SQL及拼接HTML表格较麻烦；
三种方法我都有用过，若开发BS网站程序，建议采用第二种、第三种方法，若开发CS结构，建议采用第一种或第二种；
以下是我针对BS端写的一个ExcelHelper通用类，可用于读取或生成数据，比较方便，技术原理是上述的第三种方法，代码如下，可能存在缺陷，高手见谅：
namespace ASOTS.Models { public abstract class ExcelHelper { /// <summary> /// 获取EXCEL中指定sheet内容 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable GetTableFromExcel(string filePath, string fileExt, string tableName, int colsCount) { string connstr = null; if (fileExt == ".xls") { connstr = "Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source =" + filePath + ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1'"; } else { connstr = "Provider = Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0 ; Data Source =" + filePath + ";Extended Properties='Excel 12.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1'"; } using (OleDbConnection excelConn = new OleDbConnection(connstr)) { excelConn.Open(); //获取EXCEL架构信息 DataTable schemaTable = excelConn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new Object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" }); //判断指定sheet名是否存在 DataView schemaView = new DataView(schemaTable); schemaView.RowFilter = "TABLE_NAME='" + tableName + "$'"; schemaTable = schemaView.ToTable(); if (schemaTable != null && schemaTable.Rows.Count > 0) { DataTable schemaTable_Cols = excelConn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Columns, new object[] { null, null, tableName + "$", null }); schemaView = new DataView(schemaTable_Cols); schemaView.RowFilter = "ORDINAL_POSITION<=" + colsCount.ToString(); schemaView.Sort = "ORDINAL_POSITION asc"; schemaTable_Cols = schemaView.ToTable(); string selectCols = ""; for (int i = 0; i < schemaTable_Cols.Rows.Count; i++) { selectCols += "," + schemaTable_Cols.Rows[i]["COLUMN_NAME"].ToString(); } selectCols = selectCols.Substring(1); //查询sheet中的数据 string strSql = "select " + selectCols + " from [" + tableName + "$]"; OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(strSql, excelConn); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); da.Fill(ds, tableName); excelConn.Close(); return ds.Tables[tableName]; } else { excelConn.Close(); return null; } } } /// <summary> /// 将数据模型集合对象生成HTML表格字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <param name="tableAttributes"></param> /// <param name="headers"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string SetDataToHtmlTable(IEnumerable data, string tableAttributes, params KeyValuePair<string, string>[] headers) { StringBuilder htmlTableBuilder = new StringBuilder(); htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<table {0}>", tableAttributes); if (data.GetEnumerator().Current == null) { throw new Exception("没有获取到任何数据！"); } Type t = data.GetEnumerator().Current.GetType(); string[] cellIndexs = new string[headers.Count()]; htmlTableBuilder.Append("<tr>"); for (int i = 0; i < headers.Count(); i++) { cellIndexs[i] = headers[i].Key; htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<th>{0}</th>", headers[i].Value); } htmlTableBuilder.Append("</tr>"); foreach (var item in data) { htmlTableBuilder.Append("<tr>"); for (int i = 0; i < cellIndexs.Length; i++) { object pValue = t.GetProperty(cellIndexs[i]).GetValue(item, null); htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<td>{0}</td>", pValue); } htmlTableBuilder.Append("</tr>"); } htmlTableBuilder.Append("</table>"); return htmlTableBuilder.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// 将DataTable对象生成HTML表格字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <param name="tableAttributes"></param> /// <param name="headers"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string SetDataToHtmlTable(DataTable dataTable, string tableAttributes, params KeyValuePair<string, string>[] headers) { StringBuilder htmlTableBuilder = new StringBuilder(); htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<table {0}>", tableAttributes); htmlTableBuilder.Append("<tr>"); for (int i = 0; i < headers.Count(); i++) { htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<th>{0}</th>", headers[i].Value); } htmlTableBuilder.Append("</tr>"); foreach (DataRow row in dataTable.Rows) { htmlTableBuilder.Append("<tr>"); for (int i = 0; i < headers.Count(); i++) { htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<td>{0}</td>", row[headers[i].Key]); } htmlTableBuilder.Append("</tr>"); } htmlTableBuilder.Append("</table>"); return htmlTableBuilder.ToString(); } } public class KeyValueList<TKey, TValue> : List<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> { public void Add(TKey key, TValue value) { base.Add(new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value)); } } }
调用方法如下：
//读数据 DataTable resultTable = ExcelHelper.GetTableFromExcel(saveFilePath, fileExt, "data", 10); //生成表格（以下是MVC调用，WEBFORM同理） KeyValueList<string, string> headers = new KeyValueList<string, string>() { {"year","年 份"}, {"month","月 份"}, {"stage1count","一 阶"}, {"stage2count","二 阶"}, {"stage3count","三 阶"}, {"stage4count","四 阶"}, {"yearincount","一年内进厂"}, {"stagetotalcount","基盘客户总数"}, {"stage1rate","一阶占比"}, {"stage2rate","二阶占比"}, {"stage3rate","三阶占比"}, {"stage4rate","四阶占比"} }; string tableAttributes = "border='1' cellspacing='3' cellpadding='3'"; string htmlTable=ExcelHelper.SetDataToHtmlTable(model, tableAttributes, headers.ToArray()); byte[] b = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(htmlTable); return File(b, "application/vnd.ms-excel", string.Format("StageSummary_{0}_{1}_{2}.xls",orgcode,startym,endym));
其中：KeyValueList是我创建的一个集合类，主要用于生成表头，以及表头与数据列对应，之所以写成类，是因为若直接使用：List<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>，则无法直接使用集合初始化器，就必需得一个一个的添加对象，有些繁琐，增加了ADD方法后，就可以直接用：new KeyValueList<string, string>() {{"",""},...}很方便，有人可能说为什么不用SortedDictionary等现有排序类，原因是SortedDictionary是基于Key排序，而此处是采用ADD的先后顺序来固定顺序的。
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