搭建Rails测试环境2: Autotest和Spork的安装和配置_Ruby_编程开发_程序员俱乐部

一. 前言

??????? 关于本篇文章介绍的安装步骤可以参考 《Rails Tutorial - by example》 （英文）的3.2节。

??????? 如果还没有看过《搭建Rails测试环境:RSpec》? ? 建议先看着这篇，文本将使用之前提到的环境。附件中提供了可测试本文操作的项目文件，建议在看直接下载该附件;

二. 测试工具介绍:

??????? 1. AutoTest:

???????????????? 这个工具会在后台监控制定文件的改动，并且自动运行测试。例如，如果你改变了一个Controller，他会根这个Controller对应的测试。测试可以通过Growl进行反馈。

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??????? 2. Spork:

?????????????????? 由于在每次运行Rspec时都需要重新加载Rails环境， Spork test server 将解决这个耗时的过程。他只加载一次Rails环境，并且维护一个pool of processes(这个地方不知道怎么描述，借用原文),为之后的测试提供Rails环境。Spork可以非常好的和AutoTest协同工作，这个可以大大提高测试效率;

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三. AutoTest安装配置:

???????? 1. 安装AutoTest:

sudo gem install autotest -v 4.4.6
sudo gem install autotest-rails-pure -v 4.1.2

???????????? 如果你在 Mac OS 下想用Growl 来进行测试通知(推荐使用这种方式),需要安装autotest的 fsevent 和 growl 模块。当然也要确保已经安装了Growl软件（Linux和windows操作系统的通知方式可以参考原文）

sudo gem install autotest-fsevent -v 0.2.4
sudo gem install autotest-growl -v 0.2.9

????????? 2. 配置AutoTest:

vim ~/.autotest

????????????? 加入如下配置，开启Growl通知:

require 'autotest/growl'
require 'autotest/fsevent'

????????? 3. 如何使用:

??????????????????? 直接在Rails项目的根目录中输入 autotest 即可开启

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四. Spork的安装和使用:

????????? 1. 安装Spork:

?????????????????? 在Gemfile的test group中加入 gem 'spork', '0.8.4'， 然后运行 bundle install即可，完成Gemfile如下所示:

source 'http://rubygems.org'
gem 'rails', '3.0.1'

gem 'sqlite3-ruby', '1.3.2', :require => 'sqlite3'

group :development do
	gem 'rspec-rails', '2.3.0'
end

group :test do
	gem 'rspec', '2.3.0'
	gem 'webrat', '0.7.2'
	gem 'spork', '0.8.4'
end

???????????????????? 如果安装spork失败，则自行使用gem安装:

sudo gem install spork

??????????? 2. 配置Spork:

???????????????????? 由于Spork现在的版本还不支持Rails3.x, 这理需要一些hack技巧来让Spork支持Rails3.x

?????????????? 引导Spork配置:

spork --bootstrap

?????????????? 修改spec/spec_helper.rb文件，添加如下 Spork.prefork代码块:

require 'rubygems'
require 'spork'

Spork.prefork do
  # Loading more in this block will cause your tests to run faster. However, 
  # if you change any configuration or code from libraries loaded here, you'll
  # need to restart spork for it take effect.
  ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
  unless defined?(Rails)
    require File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/../config/environment"
  end
  require 'rspec/rails'

  # Requires supporting files with custom matchers and macros, etc,
  # in ./support/ and its subdirectories.
  Dir["#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/support/**/*.rb"].each {|f| require f}

  Rspec.configure do |config|
    # == Mock Framework
    #
    # If you prefer to use mocha, flexmock or RR, uncomment the appropriate line:
    #
    # config.mock_with :mocha
    # config.mock_with :flexmock
    # config.mock_with :rr
    config.mock_with :rspec

    config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"

    # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
    # examples within a transaction, comment the following line or assign false
    # instead of true.
    config.use_transactional_fixtures = true

    ### Part of a Spork hack. See http://bit.ly/arY19y
    # Emulate initializer set_clear_dependencies_hook in 
    # railties/lib/rails/application/bootstrap.rb
    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.clear
  end
end

Spork.each_run do
end

??????????????????? 如果对这个配置有疑问，可以参考附件中的对应文件

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????????????? 修改config/application.rb文件，修改后如下所示 :

require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)

require 'rails/all'

# If you have a Gemfile, require the gems listed there, including any gems
# you've limited to :test, :development, or :production.
Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env) if defined?(Bundler)

module SampleApp
  class Application < Rails::Application
    .
    .
    .
    ### Part of a Spork hack. See http://bit.ly/arY19y
    if Rails.env.test?
      initializer :after => :initialize_dependency_mechanism do
        # Work around initializer in railties/lib/rails/application/bootstrap.rb
        ActiveSupport::Dependencies.mechanism = :load
      end
    end
  end
end

????????????? 修改项目根目录中的rspec配置文件，添加--drb运行参数 (这个参数是启动对Spork的访问)

vim .rspec

????????????? 修改后内容如下所示:

--colour
--drb

????????????? ok~ 运行 spork 即可启动Spork

spork

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AutoTest和Spork的写到这里，详细内容可以参考原文，文本仅供一些参考。