本文结合模板的应用初步介绍ListView的应用
一、Xaml中如何建立数据资源
大部分数据都会来自于后台代码,如何Xaml同样的建立数据源呢?比如建立一个学生List:
首先引入命名空间: xmlns:c="clr-namespace:System.Collections;assembly=mscorlib"
然后代码如下:
<c:ArrayList x:Key="stuList">
<local:Student Id="1" Name="小明" Grade="研一" Professional="计算机技术" HasJob="true"></local:Student>
<local:Student Id="2" Name="小李" Grade="大一" Professional="网络工程" HasJob="true"></local:Student>
<local:Student Id="3" Name="小张" Grade="研一" Professional="软件工程" HasJob="False"></local:Student>
<local:Student Id="4" Name="小王" Grade="研一" Professional="自动化控制" HasJob="true"></local:Student>
<local:Student Id="5" Name="大王" Grade="研一" Professional="软件设计" HasJob="False"></local:Student>
</c:ArrayList>
二、定义数据展示模板
展示数据使用的是ListView的View属性,MSDN解释:class="sentence" data-approved="获取或设置的对象定义了个数据如何在 <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="mtpsTagOuterHtml" >ListView 控件样式和进行组织。 " data-guid="f64042b9-0226-2c38-1bd6-375526af84d1">Gets or sets an object that defines how the data is styled and organized in a ListView control. 说明是可以在里面放一些数据样式和一些控件模板的。其实这个Control暂时只能是GridView。每一个Student就是一列数据,我们要把学生显示到列上,所以就用到了GridView的GridViewColumn属性。关于GridView不在细说,请查阅MSDN。
最终数据是展示在GridViewColumn上面的,那么我们就开始设计我们GridViewColumn的数据模板,代码如下:
<DataTemplate x:Key="NameDt"> <TextBox x:Name="textboxName" Text="{Binding Name}" GotFocus="textboxName_GotFocus"></TextBox> </DataTemplate> <DataTemplate x:Key="GradeDt"> <TextBox x:Name="textboxGrade" Text="{Binding Grade}"></TextBox> </DataTemplate> <DataTemplate x:Key="ProfessionalDt"> <TextBox x:Name="textboxProfessional" Text="{Binding Professional}"></TextBox> </DataTemplate> <DataTemplate x:Key="HasJobDt"> <CheckBox x:Name="CheckBocHasJob" IsChecked="{Binding HasJob}"></CheckBox> </DataTemplate>
我们为每列数据定义了数据展示模板,当然你也可以自己定义别的,我仅仅是示例下!
三、使用ListView展示数据
有了以上的准备,下面就是通过ListView把数据和数据模板,通过绑定等联接起来了,需要注意的是,我们第二步定义的模板应用到的是CellTemplate上面,其实就是单元格的数据模板。
代码如下:
<ListView x:Name="ListViewStudent" ItemsSource="{StaticResource stuList}"> <ListView.View> <GridView> <GridViewColumn Header="ID" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Id}"></GridViewColumn> <GridViewColumn Header="姓名" CellTemplate="{StaticResource NameDt}"></GridViewColumn> <GridViewColumn Header="年级" CellTemplate="{StaticResource GradeDt}"></GridViewColumn> <GridViewColumn Header="专业" CellTemplate="{StaticResource ProfessionalDt}"></GridViewColumn> <GridViewColumn Header="已工作" CellTemplate="{StaticResource HasJobDt}"></GridViewColumn> </GridView> </ListView.View> </ListView>
这样与运行程序,成功实现了绑定,并通过自己自定义的模板显示了数据,而且数据显示格式是自定义的,当然你可以不用模板,使用默认的模板,这样是不能改动数据的。默认的我就不介绍了。
四、ListView之数据操作
数据展示完了,那么数据操作呢?
比如我们有这么一个需求:当点击CheckBox时候,需要获取学生的信息,然后进行相关操作等。
我们在CheckBox的Checked事件下面写如下代码:
private void CheckBocHasJob_Checked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
CheckBox tb = e.OriginalSource as CheckBox;
ContentPresenter cp = tb.TemplatedParent as ContentPresenter;
Student stu = cp.Content as Student;
MessageBox.Show(stu.Name + stu.Grade + stu.Professional);
}
这段代码不难理解,首先通过 e.OriginalSource获取是那个控件触发的事件,通过控件的TemplatedParent属性,查找到上层的数据展示模板(其实是ListView视觉树里面的数据呈现模板)。这样通过Content属性即可获得Student的相关信息了。
五、Listview之控件查找
比如有这么一个需求:我想知道我点击选中checkbox的时候,这个CheckBox的控件名字是什么?
首先分析一下,CheckBox是模板里面的,不在逻辑树上,肯定要是用VaisualTreeHelper这个类,实现这个功能之前需要借助一个函数,此函数功能是获取控件逻辑树或视觉树上的指定类型控件。如下:
private ChildType FindVisualChild<ChildType>(DependencyObject obj) where ChildType : DependencyObject { for (int i = 0; i < VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(obj); i++) { DependencyObject child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(obj,i); if (child!=null&& child is ChildType) { return child as ChildType; } else { ChildType childOfChildren = FindVisualChild<ChildType>(child); if (childOfChildren!=null) { return childOfChildren; } } } return null; }
有了以上这个函数,功能就很好实现了,ListviewItem作为参数传入,查找CheckBox类型的控件即可:修改Checked事件代码如下:
private void CheckBocHasJob_Checked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //访问业务逻辑数据 CheckBox tb = e.OriginalSource as CheckBox; ContentPresenter cp = tb.TemplatedParent as ContentPresenter; Student stu = cp.Content as Student; MessageBox.Show(stu.Name + stu.Grade + stu.Professional); // this.ListViewStudent.SelectedItem = stu; //访问界面元素 ListViewItem lvi = this.ListViewStudent.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromItem(stu) as ListViewItem; CheckBox cb = FindVisualChild<CheckBox>(lvi); MessageBox.Show(cb.Height + cb.Name + cb.Width); }
OK,这样你就可以成功获取到你想要的任何东西了~~~
全部代码:
Xaml:
logs_code_hide('440ad6ba-cc0f-4edc-bff9-f19570cabe43',event)" src="/Upload/Images/2014080813/2B1B950FA3DF188F.gif" alt="" /><Window x:Class="ContentDataTemplate.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:c="clr-namespace:System.Collections;assembly=mscorlib" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ContentDataTemplate" Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"> <Window.Resources> <c:ArrayList x:Key="stuList"> <local:Student Id="1" Name="小明" Grade="研一" Professional="计算机技术" HasJob="true"></local:Student> <local:Student Id="2" Name="小李" Grade="大一" Professional="网络工程" HasJob="true"></local:Student> <local:Student Id="3" Name="小张" Grade="研一" Professional="软件工程" HasJob="False"></local:Student> <local:Student Id="4" Name="小王" Grade="研一" Professional="自动化控制" HasJob="true"></local:Student> <local:Student Id="5" Name="大王" Grade="研一" Professional="软件设计" HasJob="False"></local:Student> </c:ArrayList> <DataTemplate x:Key="NameDt"> <TextBox x:Name="textboxName" Text="{Binding Name}" GotFocus="textboxName_GotFocus"></TextBox> </DataTemplate> <DataTemplate x:Key="GradeDt"> <TextBox x:Name="textboxGrade" Text="{Binding Grade}"></TextBox> </DataTemplate> <DataTemplate x:Key="ProfessionalDt"> <TextBox x:Name="textboxProfessional" Text="{Binding Professional}"></TextBox> </DataTemplate> <DataTemplate x:Key="HasJobDt"> <CheckBox x:Name="CheckBocHasJob" IsChecked="{Binding HasJob}" Checked="CheckBocHasJob_Checked"></CheckBox> </DataTemplate> </Window.Resources> <Grid Margin="5"> <ListView x:Name="ListViewStudent" ItemsSource="{StaticResource stuList}"> <ListView.View> <GridView> <GridViewColumn Header="ID" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Id}"></GridViewColumn> <GridViewColumn Header="姓名" CellTemplate="{StaticResource NameDt}"></GridViewColumn> <GridViewColumn Header="年级" CellTemplate="{StaticResource GradeDt}"></GridViewColumn> <GridViewColumn Header="专业" CellTemplate="{StaticResource ProfessionalDt}"></GridViewColumn> <GridViewColumn Header="已工作" CellTemplate="{StaticResource HasJobDt}"></GridViewColumn> </GridView> </ListView.View> </ListView> </Grid> </Window>View Code
C# CODE:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Data; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Imaging; using System.Windows.Navigation; using System.Windows.Shapes; namespace ContentDataTemplate { class Student { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Grade { get; set; } public string Professional { get; set; } public bool HasJob { get; set; } } /// <summary> /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑 /// </summary> public partial class MainWindow : Window { public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } private void textboxName_GotFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //访问业务逻辑数据 TextBox tb = e.OriginalSource as TextBox; ContentPresenter cp = tb.TemplatedParent as ContentPresenter; Student stu = cp.Content as Student; MessageBox.Show(stu.Name + stu.Grade + stu.Professional); // this.ListViewStudent.SelectedItem = stu; //访问界面元素 ListViewItem lvi = this.ListViewStudent.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromItem(stu) as ListViewItem;//获取ListViewItem CheckBox cb = FindVisualChild<CheckBox>(lvi); MessageBox.Show(cb.Name); } /// <summary> /// 寻找某个控件下的子控件 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="ChildType"></typeparam> /// <param name="obj"></param> /// <returns></returns> private ChildType FindVisualChild<ChildType>(DependencyObject obj) where ChildType : DependencyObject { for (int i = 0; i < VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(obj); i++) { DependencyObject child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(obj,i); if (child!=null&& child is ChildType) { return child as ChildType; } else { ChildType childOfChildren = FindVisualChild<ChildType>(child); if (childOfChildren!=null) { return childOfChildren; } } } return null; } private void CheckBocHasJob_Checked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //访问业务逻辑数据 CheckBox tb = e.OriginalSource as CheckBox; ContentPresenter cp = tb.TemplatedParent as ContentPresenter; Student stu = cp.Content as Student; MessageBox.Show(stu.Name + stu.Grade + stu.Professional); // this.ListViewStudent.SelectedItem = stu; //访问界面元素 ListViewItem lvi = this.ListViewStudent.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromItem(stu) as ListViewItem; CheckBox cb = FindVisualChild<CheckBox>(lvi); MessageBox.Show(cb.Height + cb.Name + cb.Width); } } }View Code
后面我会继续深入介绍ListView的使用,包括样式、分组、排序等,敬请期待。
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作者:GavinDream(GavinJune主页 博客园) 出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/fuchongjundream/ 任何转载必须保留完整文章,在显要地方显示署名以及原文链接。如您有任何疑问或者授权方面的协商,请发邮件给我 或者 留言。