生成唯一值方法汇总_.NET_编程开发_程序员俱乐部

生成唯一值的方法很多，下面就不同环境下生成的唯一标识方法一一介绍，作为工作中的一次总结，有兴趣的可以自行测试：

一、在 .NET 中生成

1、直接用.NET Framework 提供的 Guid() 函数，此种方法使用非常广泛。GUID（全局统一标识符）是指在一台机器上生成的数字，它保证对在同一时空中的任何两台计算机都不会生成重复的 GUID 值（即保证所有机器都是唯一的）。关于GUID的介绍在此不作具体熬述，想深入了解可以自行查阅MSDN。代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string _guid = GetGuid();
            Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t长度为：{1}\n去掉连接符：{2}", _guid, _guid.Length, _guid.Replace("-", ""));

            string uniqueIdString = GuidTo16String();
            Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t长度为：{1}", uniqueIdString, uniqueIdString.Length);

            long uniqueIdLong = GuidToLongID();
            Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t长度为：{1}", uniqueIdLong, uniqueIdLong.ToString().Length);

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 由连字符分隔的32位数字
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetGuid()
        {
            System.Guid guid = new Guid();
            guid = Guid.NewGuid();
            return guid.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// 根据GUID获取16位的唯一字符串  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name=\"guid\"></param>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public static string GuidTo16String()
        {
            long i = 1;
            foreach (byte b in Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray())
                i *= ((int)b + 1);

            return string.Format("{0:x}", i - DateTime.Now.Ticks);
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// 根据GUID获取19位的唯一数字序列  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <returns></returns>  
        public static long GuidToLongID()
        {
            byte[] buffer = Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray();
            return BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);
        }   

    }
}

2、用 DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssms") 和 .NET Framework 提供的 RNGCryptoServiceProvider() 结合生成，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string uniqueNum = GenerateOrderNumber();
            Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t 长度为：{1}", uniqueNum, uniqueNum.Length);

            //测试是否会生成重复
              Console.WriteLine("时间+RNGCryptoServiceProvider()结合生成的唯一值，如下：");
            string _tempNum = string.Empty;
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
            {
                string uNum = GenerateOrderNumber();
                Console.WriteLine(uNum);
                if (string.Equals(uNum, _tempNum))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("上值存在重复，按Enter键继续");
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }

                //Sleep当前线程，是为了延时，从而不产生重复值。可以把它注释掉测试看
                Thread.Sleep(300);

                _tempNum = uNum;
            }

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 唯一订单号生成
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GenerateOrderNumber()
        {
            string strDateTimeNumber = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssms");
            string strRandomResult = NextRandom(1000, 1).ToString();

            return strDateTimeNumber + strRandomResult;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 参考：msdn上的RNGCryptoServiceProvider例子
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="numSeeds"></param>
        /// <param name="length"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static int NextRandom(int numSeeds, int length)
        {
            // Create a byte array to hold the random value.  
            byte[] randomNumber = new byte[length];
            // Create a new instance of the RNGCryptoServiceProvider.  
            System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
            // Fill the array with a random value.  
            rng.GetBytes(randomNumber);
            // Convert the byte to an uint value to make the modulus operation easier.  
            uint randomResult = 0x0;
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
            {
                randomResult |= ((uint)randomNumber[i] << ((length - 1 - i) * 8));
            }

            return (int)(randomResult % numSeeds) + 1;
        }
    }
}

3、用 [0-9A-Z] + Guid.NewGuid() 结合生成特定位数的唯一字符串，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{ 
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string uniqueText = GenerateUniqueText(8);
            Console.WriteLine("唯一码：{0}\t 长度为：{1}", uniqueText, uniqueText.Length);

            //测试是否会生成重复 
              Console.WriteLine("由[0-9A-Z] + NewGuid() 结合生成的唯一值，如下：");
            IList<string> list = new List<string>();
            for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++)
            {
                string _uT = GenerateUniqueText(8);
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", list.Count, _uT);
                if (list.Contains(_uT))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}值存在重复", _uT);
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }

                list.Add(_uT);

                //if (i % 200 == 0)
                //{
                    //Console.WriteLine("没有重复，按Enter键往下看");
                    //Console.ReadKey();
                //}
            }

            list.Clear();
        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 生成特定位数的唯一字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="num">特定位数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GenerateUniqueText(int num)
        {
            string randomResult = string.Empty;
            string readyStr = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
            char[] rtn = new char[num];
            Guid gid = Guid.NewGuid();
            var ba = gid.ToByteArray();
            for (var i = 0; i < num; i++)
            {
                rtn[i] = readyStr[((ba[i] + ba[num + i]) % 35)];
            }

            foreach (char r in rtn)
            {
                randomResult += r;
            }

            return randomResult;
        }

    }
}

4、用单例模式实现，由[0-9a-z]组合生成的唯一值，此文不讨论单例模式的多种实现方式与性能问题，随便弄一种方式实现，代码如下：

Demo结构如图：

Program.cs 程序：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.Collections;
using System.Xml;

namespace ConsoleApplication4
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateID createID = CreateID.GetInstance();

            //测试是否会生成重复 
            Console.WriteLine("单例模式实现，由[0-9a-z]组合生成的唯一值，如下：");
            IList<string> list = new List<string>();
            for (int i = 1; i <= 1000000000; i++)
            {
                string strUniqueNum = createID.CreateUniqueID();
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", list.Count, strUniqueNum);
                if (list.Contains(strUniqueNum))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}值存在重复", strUniqueNum);
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }

                list.Add(strUniqueNum);

                if (i % 200 == 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("没有重复，按Enter键往下看");
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }
            }

            list.Clear();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 单例模式实现
    /// 唯一值由[0-9a-z]组合而成，且生成的每个ID不能重复
    /// </summary>
    public class CreateID
    {
        private static CreateID _instance;
        private static readonly object syncRoot = new object();
        private EHashtable hashtable = new EHashtable();
        private string _strXMLURL = string.Empty;

        private CreateID()
        {
            hashtable.Add("0", "0");
            hashtable.Add("1", "1");
            hashtable.Add("2", "2");
            hashtable.Add("3", "3");
            hashtable.Add("4", "4");
            hashtable.Add("5", "5");
            hashtable.Add("6", "6");
            hashtable.Add("7", "7");
            hashtable.Add("8", "8");
            hashtable.Add("9", "9");
            hashtable.Add("10", "a");
            hashtable.Add("11", "b");
            hashtable.Add("12", "c");
            hashtable.Add("13", "d");
            hashtable.Add("14", "e");
            hashtable.Add("15", "f");
            hashtable.Add("16", "g");
            hashtable.Add("17", "h");
            hashtable.Add("18", "i");
            hashtable.Add("19", "j");
            hashtable.Add("20", "k");
            hashtable.Add("21", "l");
            hashtable.Add("22", "m");
            hashtable.Add("23", "n");
            hashtable.Add("24", "o");
            hashtable.Add("25", "p");
            hashtable.Add("26", "q");
            hashtable.Add("27", "r");
            hashtable.Add("28", "s");
            hashtable.Add("29", "t");
            hashtable.Add("30", "u");
            hashtable.Add("31", "v");
            hashtable.Add("32", "w");
            hashtable.Add("33", "x");
            hashtable.Add("34", "y");
            hashtable.Add("35", "z");
            _strXMLURL = System.IO.Path.GetFullPath(@"..\..\") + "XMLs\\record.xml";
            
        }

        public static CreateID GetInstance()
        {
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                lock (syncRoot)
                {
                    if (_instance == null)
                    {
                        _instance = new CreateID();
                    }
                }
            }

            return _instance;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建UniqueID
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>UniqueID</returns>
        public string CreateUniqueID()
        {
            long _uniqueid = GetGuidFromXml();

            return Convert10To36(_uniqueid);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取UniqueID总记录，即获取得到的这个ID是第几个ID
        /// 更新UniqueID使用的个数，用于下次使用
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private long GetGuidFromXml()
        {
            long record = 0;
            XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();
            xmldoc.Load(_strXMLURL);
            XmlElement rootNode = xmldoc.DocumentElement;
            //此次的个数值
            record = Convert.ToInt64(rootNode["record"].InnerText);
            //此次的个数值+1 == 下次的个数值
            rootNode["record"].InnerText = Convert.ToString(record + 1);
            xmldoc.Save(_strXMLURL);

            return record;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 10进制转36进制
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="intNum10">10进制数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string Convert10To36(long intNum10)
        {
            string strNum36 = string.Empty;
            long result = intNum10 / 36;
            long remain = intNum10 % 36;
            if (hashtable.ContainsKey(remain.ToString()))
                strNum36 = hashtable[remain.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;
            intNum10 = result;
            while (intNum10 / 36 != 0)
            {
                result = intNum10 / 36;
                remain = intNum10 % 36;
                if (hashtable.ContainsKey(remain.ToString()))
                    strNum36 = hashtable[remain.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;
                intNum10 = result;
            }
            if (intNum10 > 0 && intNum10 < 36)
            {
                if (hashtable.ContainsKey(intNum10.ToString()))
                    strNum36 = hashtable[intNum10.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;
            }

            return strNum36;
        }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Summary description for EHashTable
    /// </summary>
    public class EHashtable : Hashtable
    {
        private ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
        public override void Add(object key, object value)
        {
            base.Add(key, value);
            list.Add(key);
        }
        public override void Clear()
        {
            base.Clear();
            list.Clear();
        }
        public override void Remove(object key)
        {
            base.Remove(key);
            list.Remove(key);
        }
        public override ICollection Keys
        {
            get
            {
                return list;
            }
        }
    }

}

XML：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<root>
  <record id="record">1</record>
</root>

二、在JS中生成GUID，类似.NET中的 Guid.NewGuid()，代码如下：

function newGuid() { //方法一：
    var guid = "";
    var n = (((1 + Math.random()) * 0x10000) | 0).toString(16).substring(1);
    for (var i = 1; i <= 8; i++) {
        guid += n;
    }
    return guid;
}

function newGuid() { //方法二：
    var guid = "";
    for (var i = 1; i <= 32; i++) {
        var n = Math.floor(Math.random() * 16.0).toString(16);
        guid += n;
        if ((i == 8) || (i == 12) || (i == 16) || (i == 20))
            guid += "-";
    }
    return guid;
}

三、在SQL存储过程生成GUID，代码如下：

-- =============================================
-- Author:      JBen
-- Create date: 2012-06-05
-- Description: 生成唯一标识ID，公共存储过程，可设置在别的存储过程调用此存储过程传不同的前缀
-- =============================================
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[pro_CreateGuid] 
    @Prefix NVARCHAR(10),
    @outputV_guid NVARCHAR(40) OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
    -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
    -- interfering with SELECT statements.
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    -- Insert statements for procedure here
    SET @outputV_guid = @Prefix + REPLACE(CAST(NEWID() AS VARCHAR(36)),'-','')
END