下面是通过代码快速学习C#的例子。
1.学习任何语言都必定会学到的hello,world!
using System; public class HelloWorld { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.Write("Hello World!"); } }
2.原始的C#编译器(你可以使用下面的命令行编译C#)
C:>csc HelloWorld.cs
你将得到:
HelloWorld
详情可参见: http://sourceforge.net/projects/nant
3.读取文件
A:读取整个文件到字符串
using System; namespace PlayingAround { class ReadAll { public static void Main(string[] args) { string contents = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(@"C:\t1"); Console.Out.WriteLine("contents = " + contents); } } }
B:从一个文件中读取所有行到数组中
using System; namespace PlayingAround { class ReadAll { public static void Main(string[] args) { string[] lines = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"C:\t1"); Console.Out.WriteLine("contents = " + lines.Length); Console.In.ReadLine(); } } }
C:逐行读取文件不检查错误(对于大文件很有作用)
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("fileName.txt"); string line; while((line= sr.ReadLine()) != null) { Console.WriteLine("xml template:"+line); } if (sr != null)sr.Close(); //应该在最后或使用块
4.写文件
A:简单写入所有文本(文件不存在将创建,存在将重写,最终关闭文件)
using System; namespace PlayingAround { class ReadAll { public static void Main(string[] args) { string myText = "Line1" + Environment.NewLine + "Line2" + Environment.NewLine; System.IO.File.WriteAllText(@"C:\t2", myText); } } }
B:使用Streams将一行文字写入文件
using System; using System.IO; public class WriteFileStuff { public static void Main() { FileStream fs = new FileStream("c:\\tmp\\WriteFileStuff.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); try { sw.WriteLine("Howdy World."); } finally { if(sw != null) { sw.Close(); } } } }
C:使用using访问文件(当block完整时using隐式调用Dispose(),这也会关闭文件,下面的代码请仔细参悟。)
using System; using System.IO; class Test { private static void Main() { for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) { using (TextWriter w = File.CreateText("C:\\tmp\\test\\log" + i + ".txt")) { string msg = DateTime.Now + ", " + i; w.WriteLine(msg); Console.Out.WriteLine(msg); } } Console.In.ReadLine(); } }
D:"using" as "typedef" (a la "C")
using RowCollection = List<Node>;
E:写一个简单的XML片段的艰难方法
static void writeTree(XmlNode xmlElement, int level) { String levelDepth = ""; for(int i=0;i<level;i++) { levelDepth += " "; } Console.Write("\n{0}<{1}",levelDepth,xmlElement.Name); XmlAttributeCollection xmlAttributeCollection = xmlElement.Attributes; foreach(XmlAttribute x in xmlAttributeCollection) { Console.Write(" {0}='{1}'",x.Name,x.Value); } Console.Write(">"); XmlNodeList xmlNodeList = xmlElement.ChildNodes; ++level; foreach(XmlNode x in xmlNodeList) { if(x.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element) { writeTree((XmlNode)x, level); } else if(x.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Text) { Console.Write("\n{0} {1}",levelDepth,(x.Value).Trim()); } } Console.Write("\n{0}</{1}>",levelDepth,xmlElement.Name); }
F:写一个简单XML片段的简单方法
StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter(); XmlTextWriter xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(stringWriter); xmlTextWriter.Formatting = Formatting.Indented; xmlDocument.WriteTo(xmlTextWriter); //xmlDocument 可以被 XmlNode替代 xmlTextWriter.Flush(); Console.Write(stringWriter.ToString());
G:写入XML的对象或者集合必须有一个默认的构造函数
public static string SerializeToXmlString(object objectToSerialize) { MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(); System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(objectToSerialize.GetType()); xmlSerializer.Serialize(memoryStream, objectToSerialize); ASCIIEncoding ascii = new ASCIIEncoding(); return ascii.GetString(memoryStream.ToArray()); }
H:并且它也要能使XML转换成对象
public static object DeSerializeFromXmlString(System.Type typeToDeserialize, string xmlString) { byte[] bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(xmlString); MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(bytes); System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeToDeserialize); return xmlSerializer.Deserialize(memoryStream); } Example [Test] public void GetBigList() { var textRepository = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<ITextRepository>(); List<BrandAndCode> brandAndCodeList = textRepository.GetList(...); string xml = SerializeToXmlString(brandAndCodeList); Console.Out.WriteLine("xml = {0}", xml); var brandAndCodeList2 = DeSerializeFromXmlString(typeof (BrandAndCode[]), xml); }
I:关于类型的几句话
类型一般包括数据成员和方法成员,比如int,它就包括了一个值和一个方法ToString()。
C#中所有值都是类型的实例。
C#提供了内置的,或预定义的,直接的语言,被编译器理解,并为他们划出关键词。这些值的类型包括SBYTE,短整型,长字节,USHORT(无符号短整型),UINT(无符号整型),ULONG(无符号长整型),浮点数,双精度浮点数胡,小数,布尔和char(字符型)。预定义的引用类型是字符串和对象。这些类型分为不同的类型在“系统”命名空间中也有别名,如整型int被重命名为System.Int32 。
C#在系统的命名空间中还提供了内置的类型如DateTime类型,当然编译器并不能直接知道这些类型。
所有C#类型均在下面几种分类之一:
值类型(大多数内置类型如int、double和自定义struct、没有方法只为一个值得enum类型)
引用类型(任何类,数组等)
泛型类型参数,指针类型
使用类自定义的类型
J:Write formated output:
int k = 16; Console.WriteLine(" '{0,-8}'",k); // produces: '16 ' Console.WriteLine(" '{0,8}'",k); // produces: ' 16' Console.WriteLine(" '{0,8}'","Test"); // produces: ' Test' Console.WriteLine(" '{0,-8}'","Test");// produces: 'Test ' Console.WriteLine(" '{0:X}'",k); //(in HEX) produces: '10' Console.WriteLine(" '{0:X10}'",k); //(in HEX) produces:'0000000010' Console.WriteLine( 1234567.ToString("#,##0")); // writes with commas: 1,234,567
K:命名空间(命名空间的作用是为了减少混乱)
using Monkeys = Animals.Mammals.Primates; class MyZoo { Monkeys.Howler; }
L:使用String.Format()把decimals 变成strings
s.Append(String.Format("Completion Ratio: {0:##.#}%",100.0*completes/count));
或者使用ToString()方法在 double 对象上:
s.Append(myDouble.ToString("###.###")
又或者
String.Format("{0,8:F3}",this.OnTrack)
M:格式化DateTime对象
DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd-HHmm"); // will produce '20060414-1529'
5.构造函数,静态构造函数和析构函数的??示例:
using System; class Test2 { static int i; static Test2() { // a constructor for the entire class called //once before the first object created i = 4; Console.Out.WriteLine("inside static construtor..."); } public Test2() { Console.Out.WriteLine("inside regular construtor... i={0}",i); } ~Test2() { // destructor (hopefully) called for each object Console.Out.WriteLine("inside destructor"); } static void Main(string[] args) { Console.Out.WriteLine("Test2"); new Test2(); new Test2(); } }
运行:
inside static construtor... Test2 inside regular construtor... i=4 inside regular construtor... i=4 inside destructor inside destructor
未完待续。