环境说明:
JDK 1.5以上,GSon 2.2.2。
阅读对象:
假设读者已经了解Java
注解的使用以及如何创建一个指定注解类型,读者对
JSON、GSON有基本了解,对Java
反射机制有所了解。
需求概述:开发一个日志记录、显示功能,要求当对指定的实体类进行新增、删除、修改操作时,将变化的内容记录到日志表中。
格式要求:
字段中文名:字段值,比如:用户名:张三。
首先新建两个实体类:
package com.gson.tutorial;
import java.util.Date;
public class MySuperEntity {
private long id;
private String name;
private Date date;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getDate() {
return date;
}
public void setDate(Date date) {
this.date = date;
}
}
package com.gson.tutorial;
import java.util.Date;
import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose;
import com.gson.tutorial.annotation.FieldComment;
public class MyEntity {
@Expose
@FieldComment("用户ID")
private long id;
@Expose
@FieldComment("用户名")
private String userName;
private String address;
private Date date;
private MySuperEntity entity;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Date getDate() {
return date;
}
public void setDate(Date date) {
this.date = date;
}
public MySuperEntity getEntity() {
return entity;
}
public void setEntity(MySuperEntity entity) {
this.entity = entity;
}
}
上面的类中,字段上的@Expose是GSON的注解,表示该字段在进行
JSON转换时保留,也就是没有该注解的字段将在进行JSON转换时被忽略。
@FieldComment注解是一个
自定义的注解类型,用于填写字段的中文说明,该自定义注解的源码为:
package com.gson.tutorial.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface FieldComment {
String value();
}
下面写一个测试用例:
package com.gson.tutorial;
import java.util.Date;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
public class Main {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation().create();
MyEntity entity = new MyEntity();
entity.setId(123456L);
entity.setUserName("Test User");
entity.setAddress("金茂中路");
entity.setDate(new Date());
String json = gson.toJson(entity);
System.out.println("Using Expose:" + json);
gson = new Gson();
json = gson.toJson(entity);
System.out.println("Unusing Expose:" + json);
}
}
输出结果为:
Using Expose:{"id":123456,"userName":"Test User"}
Unusing Expose:{"id":123456,"userName":"Test User","address":"金茂中路","date":"Sep 23, 2012 11:33:42 PM"}
可以看到,如果使用:
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation().create();
方式进行JSON转换,那么被@Expose注解的字段将被转成JSON,其他字段将被忽略。而传统的GSON转换方式则不会理会@Expose注解。
接着进行格式转换输出:
package com.gson.tutorial.annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Date;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.gson.tutorial.MyEntity;
public class Main {
/**
* @param args
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* @throws NoSuchMethodException
* @throws InvocationTargetException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
*/
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException,
IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation()
.create();
MyEntity entity = new MyEntity();
entity.setId(123456L);
entity.setUserName("Test User");
entity.setAddress("金茂中路");
entity.setDate(new Date());
String json = gson.toJson(entity);
System.out.println("Using Expose:" + json);
// -------------------------------------
String className = "com.gson.tutorial.MyEntity";
Class classDef = Class.forName(className);
Object logObj = gson.fromJson(json, classDef);
Field[] fields = classDef.getDeclaredFields();
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
boolean isPresent = fields[i]
.isAnnotationPresent(FieldComment.class);
if (isPresent) {
// 取注解中的文字说明
FieldComment comment = fields[i]
.getAnnotation(FieldComment.class);
String fieldComment = comment.value();
// 取对象中字段的值
fields[i].setAccessible(true); // 设置为可访问private字段
Object fieldValue = fields[i].get(logObj);
String content = String.format("%s:%s", fieldComment,
fieldValue);
System.out.println(content);
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
Using Expose:{"id":123456,"userName":"Test User"}
用户ID:123456
用户名:Test User