3.6 ConditionObject
??? AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的内部类ConditionObject实现了Condition接口。Condition接口提供了跟Java语言内置的monitor机制类似的接口:await()/signal()/signalAll(),以及一些支持超时和回退的await版本。可以将任意个数的ConcitionObject关联到对应的synchronizer,例如通过调用ReentrantLock.newCondition()方法即可构造一个ConditionObject实例。每个ConditionObject实例内部都维护一个ConditionQueue,该队列的元素跟AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的WaitQueue一样,都是Node对象。
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??? ConditionObject的await()代码如下:
public final void await() throws InterruptedException { if (Thread.interrupted()) throw new InterruptedException(); Node node = addConditionWaiter(); int savedState = fullyRelease(node); int interruptMode = 0; while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) { LockSupport.park(this); if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0) break; } if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE) interruptMode = REINTERRUPT; if (node.nextWaiter != null) // clean up if cancelled unlinkCancelledWaiters(); if (interruptMode != 0) reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode); }
? ? 以上代码中,可以看出ConditionObject的await语义跟Java语言内置的monitor机制是非常相似的(详见:http://whitesock.iteye.com/blog/162344 )。首先addConditionWaiter()将当前线程加入到ConditionQueue中,然后fullyRelease(node)释放掉跟ConditionObject关联的synchronizer锁。如果某个线程在没有持有对应的synchronizer锁的情况下调用某个ConditionObject对象的await()方法,那么跟Object.wait()一样会抛出IllegalMonitorStateException。接下来while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {...}会保证在其它线程调用了该ConditionObject的signal()/siangalAll()之前,当前线程一直被阻塞(signal()/siangalAll()的行为稍后会介绍)。在被signal()/siangalAll()唤醒之后,await()通过acquireQueued(node, savedState)确保再次获得synchronizer的锁。
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??? ConditionObject的signal()代码如下:
public final void signal() { if (!isHeldExclusively()) throw new IllegalMonitorStateException(); Node first = firstWaiter; if (first != null) doSignal(first); } private void doSignal(Node first) { do { if ( (firstWaiter = first.nextWaiter) == null) lastWaiter = null; first.nextWaiter = null; } while (!transferForSignal(first) && (first = firstWaiter) != null); }
?? 那么跟await()一样,如果某个线程在没有持有对应的synchronizer锁的情况下调用某个ConditionObject对象的signal()/siangalAll()方法,会抛出IllegalMonitorStateException。signal()主要的行为就是将ConditionQueue中对应的Node实例transfer到AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的WaitQueue中,以便在synchronizer release的过程中,该Node对应的线程可能被唤醒。
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3.7 Timeout & Cancellation
??? AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的acquireQueued()和doAcquire***()系列方法在acquire失败(超时或者中断)后,都会调用cancelAcquire(Node node)方法进行清理,其代码如下:
private void cancelAcquire(Node node) { // Ignore if node doesn't exist if (node == null) return; node.thread = null; // Skip cancelled predecessors Node pred = node.prev; while (pred.waitStatus > 0) node.prev = pred = pred.prev; // predNext is the apparent node to unsplice. CASes below will // fail if not, in which case, we lost race vs another cancel // or signal, so no further action is necessary. Node predNext = pred.next; // Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here. // After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us. // Before, we are free of interference from other threads. node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED; // If we are the tail, remove ourselves. if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) { compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null); } else { // If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link // so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate. int ws; if (pred != head && ((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL || (ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) && pred.thread != null) { Node next = node.next; if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0) compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next); } else { unparkSuccessor(node); } node.next = node; // help GC } }
? ? 需要注意的是, cancelAcquire(Node node)方法是可能会被并发调用。while (pred.waitStatus > 0) {...}这段循环的作用就是清除当前Node之前的已经被标记为取消的节点,但是head节点除外(因为head节点保证不会被标记为Node.CANCELLED)。这段循环初看起来有并发问题,但是推敲一下之后发现:循环过程中函数参数node的waitStatus不会大于0,因此即使是多个线程并发执行这个循环,那么这些线程处理的都只是链表中互不重叠的一部分。接下来在node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED执行完毕之后,后续的操作都必须要避免并发问题。
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??? 关于处理线程中断, ConditionObject的await()/signal()/signalAll()等方法符合JSR 133: Java Memory Model and Thread Specification Revision中规定的语义:如果中断在signal之前发生,那么await必须在重新获得synchronizer的锁之后,抛出InterruptedException;如果中断发生在signal之后发生,那么await必须要设定当前线程的中断状态,并且不能抛出InterruptedException。
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4 Reference
The java.util.concurrent Synchronizer Framework
The Art of Multiprocessor Programming
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Inside AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (1)
Inside AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (2)
Inside AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (3)
Inside AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (4)