一、gRPC?简介
gRPC?是Go实现的:一个高性能,开源,将移动和HTTP/2放在首位通用的RPC框架。使用gRPC可以在客户端调用不同机器上的服务端的方法,而客户端和服务端的开发语言和
运行环境可以有很多种,基本涵盖了主流语言和平台。双方交互的协议可以在proto文件中定义,客户端和服务端可以很方便的通过工具生成协议和代理代码。而消息的编码是采用google protocol buffer
,数据量小、速度快。了解springcloud架构可以加求求:三五三六二四七二五九
gRPC具有以下特点:
(1)基于 HTTP/2, 继而提供了连接多路复用、Body 和 Header 压缩等机制。可以节省带宽、降低TCP链接次数、节省CPU使用和延长电池寿命等。
(2)支持主流开发语言(C, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby, NodeJS, C#, Objective-C、Golang、Java)
(3)IDL (Interface Definition Language) 层使用了 Protocol Buffers, 非常适合团队的接口设计
下面我们就通过一个java的例子来看看怎么使用gRPC。
二、配置pom文件,导入gRPC的依赖和插件
新的工程创建出来之后,我们就可以先配置基础的maven相关的配置了,这里我们可以抄袭下官网的相关配置:
class="sql"><properties> <grpc.version>1.4.0</grpc.version><!-- CURRENT_GRPC_VERSION --> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>io.grpc</groupId> <artifactId>grpc-netty</artifactId> <version>${grpc.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.grpc</groupId> <artifactId>grpc-protobuf</artifactId> <version>${grpc.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.grpc</groupId> <artifactId>grpc-stub</artifactId> <version>${grpc.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.grpc</groupId> <artifactId>grpc-testing</artifactId> <version>${grpc.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId> <version>1.9.5</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <extensions> <extension> <groupId>kr.motd.maven</groupId> <artifactId>os-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.4.1.Final</version> </extension> </extensions> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.xolstice.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>0.5.0</version> <configuration> <protocArtifact>com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.3.0:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</protocArtifact> <pluginId>grpc-java</pluginId> <pluginArtifact>io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:${grpc.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier}</pluginArtifact> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>compile</goal> <goal>compile-custom</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
?三、编写 proto 文件,并编译产生对应的 java文件
简单起见,这里直接用的 helloworld.proto 文件,内容如下:
syntax = "proto3"; option java_multiple_files = true; option java_package = "io.grpc.examples.helloworld"; option java_outer_classname = "HelloWorldProto"; option objc_class_prefix = "HLW"; package helloworld; // The greeting service definition. service Greeter { // Sends a greeting rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {} } // The request message containing the user's name. message HelloRequest { string name = 1; } // The response message containing the greetings message HelloReply { string message = 1; }
?这里注意下:如果客户端和服务端使用的语言不同,例如客户端使用Java,服务端是C++,务必保持?proto文件完全一致。
之后我们参看官网给的教程进行编写服务端以及客户端的信息情况,在写好proto之后进行mvn install一下就会在target文件夹的相应目录下创建出了默认的类
此时,我们只需要将这些类复制到我们java代码的目录中去,并开发服务端和客户端即可。
四、服务端开发
服务端代码如下,运行这个类的 main 方法,就可以在 50051 端口启动服务。
public class HelloWorldServer { private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HelloWorldServer.class.getName()); private int port = 50051; private Server server; private void start() throws IOException{ server = ServerBuilder.forPort(port) .addService(new GreeterImpl()) .build() .start(); logger.info("Server started, listening on "+ port); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(){ @Override public void run(){ System.err.println("*** shutting down gRPC server since JVM is shutting down"); HelloWorldServer.this.stop(); System.err.println("*** server shut down"); } }); } private void stop(){ if (server != null){ server.shutdown(); } } // block 一直到退出程序 private void blockUntilShutdown() throws InterruptedException { if (server != null){ server.awaitTermination(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException { final HelloWorldServer server = new HelloWorldServer(); server.start(); server.blockUntilShutdown(); } // 实现 定义一个实现服务接口的类 private class GreeterImpl extends GreeterGrpc.AbstractGreeter { @Override public void sayHello(HelloRequest req,StreamObserver<HelloReply> responseObserver){ HelloReply reply = HelloReply.newBuilder().setMessage(("Hello "+req.getName())).build(); responseObserver.onNext(reply); responseObserver.onCompleted(); } } }
?五、客户端开发
public class HelloWorldClient { private final ManagedChannel channel; private final GreeterGrpc.GreeterBlockingStub blockingStub; private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HelloWorldClient.class.getName()); public HelloWorldClient(String host,int port){ channel = ManagedChannelBuilder.forAddress(host,port) .usePlaintext(true) .build(); blockingStub = GreeterGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel); } public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException { channel.shutdown().awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } public void greet(String name){ HelloRequest request = HelloRequest.newBuilder().setName(name).build(); HelloReply response; try{ response = blockingStub.sayHello(request); } catch (StatusRuntimeException e) { logger.log(Level.WARNING, "RPC failed: {0}", e.getStatus()); return; } logger.info("Greeting: "+response.getMessage()); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { HelloWorldClient client = new HelloWorldClient("127.0.0.1",50051); try{ String user = "world"; if (args.length > 0){ user = args[0]; } client.greet(user); }finally { client.shutdown(); } } }
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