class="mw-headline">Response Headers(从服务器得到的回复的头)
Field nameDescriptionExampleStatus Access-Control-Allow-Origin Specifying which web sites can participate in cross-origin resource sharing
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Provisional
Accept-Ranges
What partial content range types this server supports
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Permanent
Age
The age the object has been in a proxy cache in seconds
Age: 12
Permanent
Allow
Valid actions for a specified resource. To be used for a 405 Method not allowed
Allow: GET, HEAD
Permanent
Cache-Control
Tells all caching mechanisms from server to client whether they may cache this object. It is measured in seconds
Cache-Control: max-age=3600
Permanent
Connection
Options that are desired for the connection[22]
Connection: close
Permanent
Content-Encoding
The type of encoding used on the data. See HTTP compression.
Content-Encoding: gzip
Permanent
Content-Language
The language the content is in
Content-Language: da
Permanent
Content-Length
The length of the response body in octets (8-bit bytes)
Content-Length: 348
Permanent
Content-Location
An alternate location for the returned data
Content-Location: /index.htm
Permanent
Content-MD5
A Base64-encoded binary MD5 sum of the content of the response
Content-MD5: Q2hlY2sgSW50ZWdyaXR5IQ==
Permanent
Content-Disposition[23][24][25]
An opportunity to raise a "File Download" dialogue box for a known MIME type with binary format or suggest a filename for dynamic content. Quotes are necessary with special characters.
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="fname.ext"
Permanent
Content-Range
Where in a full body message this partial message belongs
Content-Range: bytes 21010-47021/47022
Permanent
Content-Type
The MIME type of this content
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Permanent
Date
The date and time that the message was sent (in "HTTP-date" format as defined by RFC 2616)
Date: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT
Permanent
ETag
An identifier for a specific version of a resource, often a message digest
ETag: "737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d"
Permanent
Expires
Gives the date/time after which the response is considered stale
Expires: Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT
Permanent: standard
Last-Modified
The last modified date for the requested object (in "HTTP-date" format as defined by RFC 2616)
Last-Modified: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 12:45:26 GMT
Permanent
Link
Used to express a typed relationship with another resource, where the relation type is defined by RFC 5988
Link: </feed>; rel="alternate"[26]
Permanent
Location
Used in redirection, or when a new resource has been created.
Location: http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/People.html
Permanent
P3P
This header is supposed to set P3P policy, in the form of P3P:CP="your_compact_policy". However, P3P did not take off,[27] most browsers have never fully implemented it, a lot of websites set this header with fake policy text, that was enough to fool browsers the existence of P3P policy and grant permissions for third party cookies.
P3P: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See http://www.google.com/support/accounts/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=151657 for more info."
Permanent
Pragma
Implementation-specific headers that may have various effects anywhere along the request-response chain.
Pragma: no-cache
Permanent
Proxy-Authenticate
Request authentication to access the proxy.
Proxy-Authenticate: Basic
Permanent
Refresh
Used in redirection, or when a new resource has been created. This refresh redirects after 5 seconds.
Refresh: 5; url=http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/People.html
Proprietary/non-standard: a header extension introduced by Netscape and supported by most web browsers.
Retry-After
If an entity is temporarily unavailable, this instructs the client to try again later. Value could be a specified period of time (in seconds) or a HTTP-date.[28]
Retry-After: 120Retry-After: Fri, 07 Nov 2014 23:59:59 GMTPermanent
Server A name for the serverServer: Apache/2.4.1 (Unix)
Permanent
Set-Cookie
An HTTP cookie
Set-Cookie: UserID=JohnDoe; Max-Age=3600; Version=1
Permanent: standard
Status
The HTTP status of the response
Status: 200 OK
? "Status" is not listed as a registered header. The "Status-Line" of a "Response" is defined by RFC2616[29] without any explicit "Status:" header name.
Strict-Transport-Security
A HSTS Policy informing the HTTP client how long to cache the HTTPS only policy and whether this applies to subdomains.
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains
Permanent: standard
Trailer
The Trailer general field value indicates that the given set of header fields is present in the trailer of a message encoded with chunked transfer-coding.
Trailer: Max-Forwards
Permanent
Transfer-Encoding
The form of encoding used to safely transfer the entity to the user. Currently defined methods are: chunked, compress, deflate, gzip, identity.
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Permanent
Upgrade
Ask the client to upgrade to another protocol.
Upgrade: HTTP/2.0, SHTTP/1.3, IRC/6.9, RTA/x11
Permanent
Vary
Tells downstream proxies how to match future request headers to decide whether the cached response can be used rather than requesting a fresh one from the origin server.
Vary: *
Permanent
Via
Informs the client of proxies through which the response was sent.
Via: 1.0 fred, 1.1 example.com (Apache/1.1)
Permanent
Warning
A general warning about possible problems with the entity body.
Warning: 199 Miscellaneous warning
Permanent
WWW-Authenticate
Indicates the authentication scheme that should be used to access the requested entity.
WWW-Authenticate: Basic
Permanent
X-Frame-Options[30]
Clickjacking protection: "deny" - no rendering within a frame, "sameorigin" - no rendering if origin mismatch
X-Frame-Options: deny
Permanent
Common non-standard response headers(从服务器得到的非标准回复的头)
Field nameDescriptionExample Public-Key-Pins[31] Man-in-the-middle attack mitigation, announces hash of website's authentic TLS certificatePublic-Key-Pins: max-age=2592000; pin-sha256="E9CZ9INDbd+2eRQozYqqbQ2yXLVKB9+xcprMF+44U1g=";
X-XSS-Protection[32]
Cross-site scripting (XSS) filter
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Content-Security-Policy, X-Content-Security-Policy, X-WebKit-CSP[33]
Content Security Policy definition.
X-WebKit-CSP: default-src 'self'
X-Content-Type-Options[34]
The only defined value, "nosniff", prevents Internet Explorer from MIME-sniffing a response away from the declared content-type. This also applies to Google Chrome, when downloading extensions.[35]
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Powered-By[36]
specifies the technology (e.g. ASP.NET, PHP, JBoss) supporting the web application (version details are often in X-Runtime, X-Version, or X-AspNet-Version)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.0
X-UA-Compatible[37]
Recommends the preferred rendering engine (often a backward-compatibility mode) to use to display the content. Also used to activate Chrome Frame in Internet Explorer.
X-UA-Compatible: IE=EmulateIE7X-UA-Compatible: IE=edgeX-UA-Compatible: Chrome=1
请写以下代码:
打印信息:
2014-06-12 17:15:33.731 NETWork[10975:60b] {
MIMEType = "application/json";
URL = "http://www.duitang.com/album/1733789/masn/p/0/1/";
allHeaderFields = {
Connection = "keep-alive";
"Content-Type" = "application/json;charset=UTF-8";
Date = "Thu, 12 Jun 2014 09:15:33 GMT";
Server = nginx;
"Transfer-Encoding" = Identity;
"X-Powered-By" = Japa;
};
expectedContentLength = "-1";
statusCode = 200;
suggestedFilename = 1;
textEncodingName = "utf-8";
}
对照红色字体,仔细查一查上面的表,都出现了这些参数哦.
上面的打印信息,是你对服务器请求之后,服务器Response给你的一个allHeaderFields信息,可以了解到服务器的一些状态值.
其实,我们给服务器发送POST请求的时候,有时候需要自己组织allHeaderFields信息,比如最常见的Content-Length.
request也有着一个Header Fields的列表:
Request Headers(标准请求头)
Header field nameDescriptionExampleStatus Accept Content-Types that are acceptable for the responseAccept: text/plain
Permanent
Accept-Charset
Character sets that are acceptable
Accept-Charset: utf-8
Permanent
Accept-Datetime
Acceptable version in time
Accept-Datetime: Thu, 31 May 2007 20:35:00 GMT
Provisional
Accept-Encoding
List of acceptable encodings. See HTTP compression.
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Permanent
Accept-Language
List of acceptable human languages for response
Accept-Language: en-US
Permanent
Authorization
Authentication credentials for HTTP authentication
Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==
Permanent
Cache-Control
Used to specify directives that MUST be obeyed by all caching mechanisms along the request/response chain
Cache-Control: no-cache
Permanent
Connection
What type of connection the user-agent would prefer
Connection: keep-alive
Permanent
Content-Length
The length of the request body in octets (8-bit bytes)
Content-Length: 348
Permanent
Content-MD5
A Base64-encoded binary MD5 sum of the content of the request body
Content-MD5: Q2hlY2sgSW50ZWdyaXR5IQ==
Permanent
Content-Type
The MIME type of the body of the request (used with POST and PUT requests)
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Permanent
Cookie
an HTTP cookie previously sent by the server with Set-Cookie (below)
Cookie: $Version=1; Skin=new;
Permanent: standard
Date
The date and time that the message was sent (in "HTTP-date" format as defined by RFC 2616)
Date: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT
Permanent
Expect
Indicates that particular server behaviors are required by the client
Expect: 100-continue
Permanent
From
The email address of the user making the request
From: user@example.com
Permanent
Host
The domain name of the server (for virtual hosting), and the TCP port number on which the server is listening. The port number may be omitted if the port is the standard port for the service requested.[8] Mandatory since HTTP/1.1. Although domain name are specified as case-insensitive,[9][10] it is not specified whether the contents of the Host field should be interpreted in a case-insensitive manner[11] and in practice some implementations of virtual hosting interpret the contents of the Host field in a case-sensitive manner.[citation needed]
Host: en.wikipedia.org:80
Host: en.wikipedia.org
If-Match: "737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d"
Permanent
If-Modified-Since
Allows a 304 Not Modified to be returned if content is unchanged
If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT
Permanent
If-None-Match
Allows a 304 Not Modified to be returned if content is unchanged, see HTTP ETag
If-None-Match: "737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d"
Permanent
If-Range
If the entity is unchanged, send me the part(s) that I am missing; otherwise, send me the entire new entity
If-Range: "737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d"
Permanent
If-Unmodified-Since
Only send the response if the entity has not been modified since a specific time.
If-Unmodified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT
Permanent
Max-Forwards
Limit the number of times the message can be forwarded through proxies or gateways.
Max-Forwards: 10
Permanent
Origin
Initiates a request for cross-origin resource sharing (asks server for an 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' response header) .
Origin: http://www.example-social-network.com
Permanent: standard
Pragma
Implementation-specific headers that may have various effects anywhere along the request-response chain.
Pragma: no-cache
Permanent
Proxy-Authorization
Authorization credentials for connecting to a proxy.
Proxy-Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==
Permanent
Range
Request only part of an entity. Bytes are numbered from 0.
Range: bytes=500-999
Permanent
Referer [sic]
This is the address of the previous web page from which a link to the currently requested page was followed. (The word “referrer” has been misspelled in the RFC as well as in most implementations to the point that it has become standard usage and is considered correct terminology)
Referer: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Permanent
TE
The transfer encodings the user agent is willing to accept: the same values as for the response header Transfer-Encoding can be used, plus the "trailers" value (related to the "chunked" transfer method) to notify the server it expects to receive additional headers (the trailers) after the last, zero-sized, chunk.
TE: trailers, deflate
Permanent
Upgrade
Ask the server to upgrade to another protocol.
Upgrade: HTTP/2.0, SHTTP/1.3, IRC/6.9, RTA/x11
Permanent
User-Agent
The user agent string of the user agent
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0
Permanent
Via
Informs the server of proxies through which the request was sent.
Via: 1.0 fred, 1.1 example.com (Apache/1.1)
Permanent
Warning
A general warning about possible problems with the entity body.
Warning: 199 Miscellaneous warning
Permanent
Common non-standard request headers(非标准请求头)
Field nameDescriptionExample X-Requested-With mainly used to identify Ajax requests. Most JavaScript frameworks send this header with value ofXMLHttpRequest
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
DNT[12]
Requests a web application to disable their tracking of a user. This is Mozilla's version of the X-Do-Not-Track header (since Firefox 4.0 Beta 11). Safari and IE9 also have support for this header.[13] On March 7, 2011, a draft proposal was submitted to IETF.[14]The W3C Tracking Protection Working Group is producing a specification.[15]
DNT: 1 (Do Not Track Enabled)
DNT: 0 (Do Not Track Disabled)
X-Forwarded-For: client1, proxy1, proxy2
X-Forwarded-For: 129.78.138.66, 129.78.64.103
X-Forwarded-Proto: https
Front-End-Https[18]
Non-standard header used by Microsoft applications and load-balancers
Front-End-Https: on
X-ATT-DeviceId[19]
Allows easier parsing of the MakeModel/Firmware that is usually found in the User-Agent String of AT&T Devices
X-Att-Deviceid: GT-P7320/P7320XXLPG
X-Wap-Profile[20]
Links to an XML file on the Internet with a full description and details about the device currently connecting. In the example to the right is an XML file for an AT&T Samsung Galaxy S2.
x-wap-profile: http://wap.samsungmobile.com/uaprof/SGH-I777.xml
Proxy-Connection[21]
Implemented as a misunderstanding of the HTTP specifications. Common because of mistakes in implementations of early HTTP versions. Has exactly the same functionality as standard Connection header.
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
logs_code_copy">
#define NUM_STRING(num) [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lu", (num)] /** 执行一个java脚本获取User-Agent字符串 @return User-Agent字符串 */ NS_INLINE NSString* UserAgent() { UIWebView* webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero]; NSString *userAgentString = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString: @"navigator.userAgent"]; return userAgentString; } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // 创建链接 /* ============================================================================== */ NETWorkRequest *request = [NETWorkRequest new]; [request configRequest:^(NSMutableURLRequest *request) { // 配置网址链接 request.URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo"]; // 配置请求类型 request.HTTPMethod = @"POST"; // 配置请求报文 NSString *dataString = @"mobileCode=15910514636&userID="; [request setValue:UserAgent() forHTTPHeaderField:@"User-Agent"]; [request setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]; [request setValue:NUM_STRING([dataString toUTF8Data].length) forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"]; // 配置包体 request.HTTPBody = [dataString toUTF8Data]; // 设置时间间隔 request.timeoutInterval = 1.f; // 设置缓存策略 request.cachePolicy = NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy; }]; // 创建请求 /* ============================================================================== */ NETWorkConnection *connection = [[NETWorkConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request]; [connection resultBlock:^(NSDictionary *info, NSData *data, NSError *error) { ONOXMLDocument *document = [ONOXMLDocument XMLDocumentWithData:data error:nil]; NSLog(@"%@", document); }]; // 开始请求 /* ============================================================================== */ [connection start]; }
一个POST请求由头和包体所组成,头就是上面列表中出现的那些参数,Body部分才是你需要传递的一些参数.
执行结果如下:
2014-06-12 17:29:52.137 NETWork[11061:60b] <string xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">15910514636：北京 北京 北京移动全球通卡</string>
总结:
如果网络请求走HTTP协议的话,其实很容易.GET请求非常简单,不赘述,POST就是设置Headr Field以及Body的干活,也很简单,当你理解了这些后,封装一个自己的网络请求类真的超级简单哦.
附录:
正规携带参数的POST请求如下所示
// 配置
NETWorkRequest *request = [[NETWorkRequest alloc] init];
[request configRequest:^(NSMutableURLRequest *request) {
// 网址
NSString *urlString = @"http://trainddtestapi.tidoo.cn/acts/findLikeActAndCourseList.do";
// 参数
NSString *params = @"appkey=peixunduoduo&citycode=100000&lat=39.909875&lng=116.502042&sign=f3f4491cc0ac8caccf0544df9e68baab×tamp=1404444014&userid=101";
request.HTTPMethod = @"POST";
request.HTTPBody = [params dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
request.URL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];
}];
// 请求
NETWorkConnection *connection = [[NETWorkConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request];
[connection infoBlock:^(NSDictionary *info) {
NSLog(@"%@", info);
} progressBlock:^(long long currentBytes, long long totalBytes) {
} resultBlock:^(NSDictionary *info, NSData *data, NSError *error) {
NSString *result = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data
encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"%@", result);
}];
[connection start];
参考链接:
http://www.cnblogs.com/YouXianMing/p/3784313.html
http://blog.csdn.net/weisubao/article/details/42170689
http://tools.jb51.net/table/http_request_method
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