很多情况下基于wcf的复杂均衡都首选zookeeper,这样可以拥有更好的控制粒度,但zk对C# 不大友好,实现起来相对来说比较麻烦,实际情况下,如果
你的负载机制粒度很粗糙的话,优先使用nginx就可以搞定,既可以实现复杂均衡,又可以实现双机热备,以最小的代码量实现我们的业务,下面具体分享下。
一:准备的材料
1. 话不多说,一图胜千言,图中的服务器都是采用vmware虚拟化,如下图:
《1》 三台windows机器 ,两个WCF的windows服务器承载(192.168.23.187,192.168.23.188),一台Client的服务器(192.168.23.1)
《2》 一台Centos机器,用来承载web复杂均衡nginx(192.168.23.190)。
《3》在所有的Client的Hosts文件中增加host映射:【192.168.23.190 cluster.com】,方便通过域名的形式访问nginx所在服务器的ip地址。
二:环境搭建
1. WCF程序
既然是测试,肯定就是简单的程序,代码就不完全给出了。
《1》 HomeService实现类代码如下(输出当前server的ip地址,方便查看):
1 public class HomeService : IHomeService 2 { 3 public string DoWork(string msg) 4 { 5 var ip = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName()).FirstOrDefault(i => i.AddressFamily == 6 AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString(); 7 8 return string.Format("当前 request 由 server={0} 返回", ip); 9 } 10 }
《2》 App.Config代码
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 2 <configuration> 3 <startup> 4 <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" /> 5 </startup> 6 <system.serviceModel> 7 <behaviors> 8 <serviceBehaviors> 9 <behavior name=""> 10 <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true" /> 11 <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> 12 </behavior> 13 </serviceBehaviors> 14 </behaviors> 15 <services> 16 <service name="WcfService.HomeService"> 17 <endpoint address="/HomeService" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WcfService.IHomeService"> 18 <identity> 19 <dns value="localhost" /> 20 </identity> 21 </endpoint> 22 <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> 23 <host> 24 <baseAddresses> 25 <add baseAddress="http://192.168.23.187:8733" /> 26 </baseAddresses> 27 </host> 28 </service> 29 </services> 30 </system.serviceModel> 31 </configuration>
因为windows的两台机器的ip地址是192.168.23.187,192.168.23.188,所以部署的时候注意一下config中的baseAddress地址。
2. centos上的nginx搭建
nginx我想大家用的还是比较多的,去官网下载最新的就好【nginx-1.13.6】:http://nginx.org/en/download.html,下载之后,就是常规的三板斧安装!!!
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/myapp/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.6]# make && make install
然后在nginx的安装目录下面找到conf文件,修改里面的nginx.conf 配置。
[root@localhost nginx]# cd conf [root@localhost conf]# ls fastcgi.conf koi-utf nginx.conf uwsgi_params fastcgi.conf.default koi-win nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params.default fastcgi_params mime.types scgi_params win-utf fastcgi_params.default mime.types.default scgi_params.default [root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
详细配置如下,注意下面“标红”的地方,权重按照1:5的方式进行调用,关于其他的配置,大家可以在网上搜一下就可以了。
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; upstream cluster.com{ server 192.168.23.187:8733 weight=1; server 192.168.23.188:8733 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://cluster.com; #设置主机头和客户端真实地址,以便服务器获取客户端真实IP proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
3. client端的程序搭建
《1》 第一件事就是将 192.168.23.190 映射到本机的host中去,因为服务不提供给第三方使用,所以加host还是很轻松的。
192.168.23.190 cluster.com
《2》 然后就是client端程序添加服务引用,因为添加了host映射,所以服务引用地址就是"http://cluster.com"。 代码如下:
1 class Program 2 { 3 static void Main(string[] args) 4 { 5 for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) 6 { 7 HomeServiceClient client = new HomeServiceClient(); 8 9 var info = client.DoWork("hello world!"); 10 11 Console.WriteLine(info); 12 13 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); 14 } 15 16 Console.Read(); 17 } 18 }
最后来执行以下程序,看看1000次循环中,是不是按照权重1:5 的方式对后端的wcf进行调用的???
看到没有,是不是很牛逼,我只需要通过cluster.com进行服务访问,nginx会自动给我复杂均衡,这就是我们开发中非常简单化的wcf复杂均衡。
希望本篇对你有帮助~~~~ 附完整源代码:cluster.zip